Term
| the initiation of labor before it begins naturally |
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Definition
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Term
| the stimulation of contractions after they have begun naturally |
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Definition
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Term
| Evaluates the cervical response to induction procedures |
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Definition
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Term
| a high bishop score above _ is predictive of successful labor induction because the cervix has ripened or softened in preparation for labor |
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Definition
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Term
| Indications for Labor Induction |
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Definition
Gestational hypertension
Ruptured membranes without spontaneous onset of labor
Infection within the uterus
Medical problems in the woman that worsen during pregnancy
Fetal problems such as slowed growth, prolonged pregnancy, or incompatibility between fetal and maternal blood types
Placental insufficiency
Fetal death |
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Term
| Contraindications to Labor Induction |
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Definition
Placenta previa
Umbilical cord prolapse
Abnormal fetal presentation
High station of the fetus
Active herpes infection in the birth canal
Abnormal size or structure of the mother’s pelvis
Previous classic cesarean incision |
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Term
| in a gel or vaginal insert is appplied before labor induction to soften the cervix |
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Definition
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Term
| an alternative to cervical ripening by swelling inside the cervix |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to initiate or stimulate contractions |
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Definition
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Term
| most commonly used method for augmentation of labor |
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Definition
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Term
| Pharmacological Methods to Stimulate Contractions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cytotec is more effective in achieving vaginal dlivery within |
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Definition
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Term
| adverse effect of cytotec |
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Definition
| uterine tachysystole (hyperstimulation) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| prepidil ro cervidil is administered |
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Definition
| intravaginally, sustained release |
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Term
| oxytocin induction can start _ after vaginal insert has been removed |
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Definition
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Term
| steroid receptor agonist use for early pregnancy termination |
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Definition
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Term
| The artificial rupture of membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| amniotomy is done to _ contractions |
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Definition
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Term
| amniotomy stimulates _ secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| complications of amniotomy |
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Definition
| prolapse of umbilical cord, infection, abruptio placentae |
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Term
| fetal heart rate outside normal range suggests: |
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Definition
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Term
| woman's temp of _ or higher is suggestive of infection |
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Definition
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Term
| nipple stimulation of labor causes the pitutitary gland ot secret natural |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits excretion of urine and promotes fluid retention |
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Definition
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Term
| two methods used to change fetal presentation |
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Definition
| external and internal version |
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Term
| external version is usually performed at _ wks but before _ |
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Definition
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Term
| internal version is emergent during _ |
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Definition
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Term
| risks/contraindications of version |
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Definition
Disproportion between mother’s pelvis and fetal size
Abnormal uterine or pelvic size or shape
Abnormal placental placement
Previous cesarean birth with vertical uterine incision
Active herpes virus infection
Inadequate amniotic fluid
Poor placental function
Multifetal gestation
Fetus can become entangled in umbilical cord |
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Term
| controlled surgical enlargement of the vaginal opening during birth |
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Definition
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Term
| uncontrolled tear of the tissues that results in a jagged wound |
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Definition
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Term
| first degree perineal laceration |
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Definition
| superficial vaginal mucos or perineal skin |
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Term
| second degree perineal lacerations involves: |
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Definition
| vaginal mucosa, perineal skin and deeper tissues of the perineum |
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Term
| third degree perineal lacerations |
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Definition
| same as second degree plus involves anal sphincter |
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Term
| fourht degree perineal lacerations |
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Definition
| extends through the anal sphincter into the rectal mucosa |
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Term
| Provides traction and rotation of the fetal head when the mother’s pushing efforts are insufficient to accomplish a safe delivery |
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Definition
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Term
| Uses suction applied to the fetal head so the physician can assist the mother’s expulsive efforts |
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Definition
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Term
| Vacuum extractino birth is used only with |
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Definition
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Term
| risks of forceps or vacuum extraction |
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Definition
trauma to maternal or fetal tissues, laceration or hematoma in vagina,
infant may have bruising, facial or scalp lacerations or abrasions, cephalohematoma or intracranial hemorrhage |
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Term
| The surgical delivery of the fetus through incisions in the mother’s abdomen and uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| Indications for Cesarean Birth |
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Definition
Abnormal labor
Inability of the fetus to pass through the mother’s pelvis
Maternal conditions such as GH or DM
Active maternal herpes virus
Previous surgery on the uterus
Fetal compromise
Placenta previa or abruptio placentae |
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Term
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Definition
| mother, anesthesia, resp complications, hemorrhage, blood clots, injury to urinary tract, delayed intestinal peristalsis, infection |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical, low transverse, low vertical, classic |
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Term
| allows mor room for a large fetus |
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Definition
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Term
| not likely to rupture during another birth; VBAC possible with this type |
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Definition
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Term
| minimal blood loss; more likely to rupture during another birth |
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Definition
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Term
| rarely used; more blood loss; most likely to rupture during another pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| sequence of events in cesarean birth |
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Definition
Administering anesthetic
Cleaning and draping the expectant mother
Making skin incision
Making uterine incision
Rupturing membranes (if not yet completed)
Removing the fetal head or buttocks
Suctioning the mouth and nose
Clamping the cord |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| problems with the powers of labor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hypertonic problems usually occurs during the _ phase of labor |
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Definition
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Term
| hypertonic problems are characterized by contractions that are: |
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Definition
| frequent, cramplike, and poorly coordinated |
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Term
| hypertonic problems are painful but _ |
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Definition
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Term
| in hypertonic problems uterus is _, even between contractions, leads to reduced _ to the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| with hypotonic problems labor begins _, but diminishes during _ |
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Definition
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Term
| hypotonic problems are more likely to occur if the uterus is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fetus weighs more than 4000g (8.8lbs) |
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Term
| usually occurs when the fetus is too large |
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Definition
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Term
| in shoulder dystocia the fetal chest cannot _ and the fetus needs to be able to _ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Prevents the smallest diameter of the fetal head to pass through the smallest diameter of the pelvis |
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Definition
| Abnormal Fetal Presentation or Position |
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Term
| common cause of abnormal positions is a fetus that remains in a persistent |
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Definition
| occiput posterior position |
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Term
| _ pelvis is most favorable for vaginal birth |
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Definition
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Term
| most common soft tissue obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
| most common factors that can prolong labor |
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Definition
Lack of analgesic control of excessive pain
Absence of a support person or coach
Immobility and restriction to bed
Lack of ability to carry out cultural traditions |
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Term
| Often used to graph the progress of cervical dilation and fetal descent |
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Definition
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Term
| Used as a guide to assess and manage the normal progress of labor |
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Definition
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Term
| prolonged labor can cause |
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Definition
Maternal or newborn infection
Maternal exhaustion
Postpartum hemorrhage
Greater anxiety and fear |
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Term
| A birth that is completed in less than 3 hours |
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Definition
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Term
| with a precipitate birth labor begins _ and _ quickly |
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Definition
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Term
| in a priciptate birth fetal oxygenation may be |
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Definition
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Term
| Spontaneous rupture of membranes at term, more than 1 hour before labor contractions begin |
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Definition
| Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) |
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Term
| diagnosis of PROM is confirmed by |
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Definition
| nitrazine paper test, "ferning" pattern from vaginal fluid viewed under a microscope |
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Term
| preterm labor occurs between |
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Definition
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Term
| main risks of preterm labor |
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Definition
| immaturity in the newborn |
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Term
| risks factors for preterm labor |
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Definition
Exposure to DES
Underweight
Chronic illness
Dehydration
Preeclampsia
Previous preterm labor
or birth
Previous pregnancy losses
Substance abuse
Chronic stress |
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Term
| more risk factors for preterm labor |
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Definition
Infection
Anemia
Preterm PROM
Inadequate prenatal care
Poor nutrition
Low education level
Poverty
Smoking
Multifetal presentation |
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Term
| A shortened cervix on ultrasound at 20 weeks may be predictive of |
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Definition
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Term
| the presence of fibronectin in vaginal secretions between _ wks gestation is predictive of preterm labor |
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Definition
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Term
| a protein produced by the fetal membranes that can leak into vaginal secretions if uterine activity, infection, or cervical effacement occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| Maternal Symptoms of Preterm Labor |
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Definition
| uncomfortable or painless contractions, feeling that the fetus is "balling up", mestrual like cramps, constant low backache, pelvic pressure, change in discharge, abdominal cramps, pain/discomfort in vulva or thighs, "just feeling bad" |
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Term
| goal is to stop uterine contractions |
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Definition
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Term
| contraindications to tocolytic therapy |
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Definition
| preeclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, chorioamnionitis, fetal demise |
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Term
| initial measures to stop preterm labor |
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Definition
| identifying and treating infection, activity restriction, hydration |
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Term
| also enhances lung maturity in fetuses younger than 28 wks |
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Definition
| thyroid releasing hormone |
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Term
| prolonged pregnancy lasts longer than |
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Definition
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Term
| tests used to confirm the diagnosis of prolonged pregnancy |
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Definition
| nonstress tests, amniotic fluid index, biophysical profiles, kick counts |
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Term
| emergencies during child birth |
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Definition
| prolapsed umbilical cord, uterin rupture |
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Term
| types of prolapsed umbilical cord |
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Definition
| complete, palpated, occult |
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Term
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Definition
| complete, incomplete, dehiscence |
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Term
| hole in uterine wall, into abdominal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| tears into a nearby structure; e.g., ligament but not all the way into the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
| incomplete uterine rupture |
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Term
| old uterine scars separate |
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Definition
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Term
| characteristics of uterin rupture |
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Definition
shock r/t bleeding, abdominal pain
pain in chest, between scapulae, or with ispiration
cessation of contractions, abnormal or absent fetal heart tones, palpitaiton of the fetus outside the uterus |
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Term
| Occurs when amniotic fluid, with its particles such as vernix, fetal hair, and sometimes meconium, enters the woman’s circulation and typically obstructs small blood vessels in her lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| amniotic fluid embolism is characterized by |
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Definition
| abrupt onset of hypotension, respiratory distress, and coagulation abnormalities from thromboplastin in amniotic fluid |
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