Term
| Blood Coagulation Intrinsic Pathway |
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Definition
| Factor XII -> Factor XI -> Factor IX |
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Term
| Blood Coagulation Extrinsic Pathway |
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Definition
| Tissue Factor (Thromboplastin)-> Factor VII + Ca+2 |
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Term
| Blood Coagulation Common Pathway |
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Definition
| Factor X -> (Prothrombin ->Thrombin) -> (Fibrinogen -> Fibrin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Factor from endothelial cells enhances aggregation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Injury to the endothelium is the most important precipitating event of thrombosis
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Act as permeability barrier, Vasoactive factors(Nitrous Oxide),anti-thrombotic factors (prostacyclin (PGI2) |
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Term
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Definition
•Factor VIII
•Von Willebrand Factor
Anti-Coagulant Factors:Thrombomodulin |
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Term
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Definition
•TPA
•Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI)inhibits fibrinolysis-Inflammatory Mediators: IL-1, Cell adhesion moleculesGrowth Factors: CSF, FGF (Fibroblast Growth factor), PDGF (Platelet Derived Growth Factor) |
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Term
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Definition
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(Plasminogen Plasmin) (Fibrin Fibrin split products)
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Thrombosis results in production of TPA, which converts plasminogen to plasmin to affect fibrinolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| •Progressive accumulation within the intima of smooth muscle cells and lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| •Early on: Proliferation of smooth muscle cells and accumulation of lipid |
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Term
| Elements of Atherosclerotic Plaque |
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Definition
•Vascular Endothelium
•Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell
•Mononuclear Phagocyte
•Lymphocytes and Neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipids in the atheroma are derived from plasma lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Implies that small mural thrombi represent the initial event in atherosclerosis and this debatable |
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Term
| Reaction to Injury Hypothesis |
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Definition
-Smooth muscle cells accumulate as a response to injury, as a result of release of PDGF and other growth factors
-This accounts for smooth muscle proliferation but not lipid accumulation |
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Term
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Definition
-Points to the fact that many plaques contain cells that are mostly monoclonal
-Their proliferation was due to a virus or cell-specific mutagen |
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Term
| Intimal Cell Mass Hypothesis |
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Definition
| •Accumulation of smooth muscle cells at junctions and branching points of arteries at the initial lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be found in young children as well as adults, and not necessarily at branch points |
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Term
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Definition
| At branch points, may also be the initial lesionCharacteristic Lesion of atheroscleosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer of fibrous connective tissue overlying the atheroma. Contains foam cells (macrophages) and smooth muscle cells, as well as fibroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
Necrotic, lipid-laden center of the lesion
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Term can also be used to describe the whole lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to endothelial cells leads to loss of anti-coagulant properties (clotting inhibitors), leading to Thrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
•PDGF and FGFcause proliferation of smooth muscle and endothelial cells
•IFN and TGF-betainhibit cell proliferation and thus could account for endothelial cell discontinuities
•IL-1 and TNFstimulate activation of PAF, Tissue Factor, and PAI (plasminogen activator inhibitor) in endothelial cells
•T-Lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
•Loss of continuity of endothelial layer
•Increase permeability to lipoproteins
•Platelet interaction with vessel wall, and subsequent release of growth factors
•Blood may enter the wall, allowing interaction, either through an organized thrombus or through a tear or discontinuity in the endothelial surfaceThrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Defined as systolic blood pressure greater than 160mm, or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90mm, or both |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rapidly progressing to end-organ failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary hypersecretion of cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary hypersecretion of aldosteronedue to adenoma, idiopathic hyperplasia, carcinoma or secondary to renal artery stenosis, cirrhosis or decreased kidney perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
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Adrenal medullary tumor-Norepinephrine is secreted in spurts, so patient will have wildly fluctuating, paroxysmal elevations in blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| will be discussed wit the endocrine system |
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