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| second right intercostal space at the right sternal border |
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| second left intercostal space at the left sternal border |
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| third left intercostal space at the left sternal border |
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| fourth left intercostal space along the lower left sternal border |
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| at the apex of the heart in the fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line |
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| Distinct heart sound, sound heard when the AV valve closes, indicates the beginning of systole (softer sound than S-2) (Lub) |
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| Distinct heart sound, marks the start of diastole; closure of the aortic valve causes most of the sound (Dub) |
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| May or may not be heard (normal), quiet low pitched sound caused by distention and vibration of the ventricular walls; occurs early in diastole. |
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| May or may not be heard (normal); occurs late in diastole; caused by vibration in the valves, papillae and ventricle walls |
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| the failure of the mitral and tricuspid valves or the pulmonic and aortic valves to close simultaneously |
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| Prolonged extra sounds, caused by a disruption in the flow of blood into, through or out of the heart. Diseased valves are a common cause of murmurs; the valves do not close well. |
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| movement of blood flow backwards through a valve |
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| enlagement (could be left or right ventricles because they meet resistance) |
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| Heart fails to propel blood forward with its usual force, resulting in congestion in the pulmonary or systemic circulation |
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| abrupt decrease in coronary blood flow due to a segment of the myocardium |
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| inflammation of the myocardium |
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| substernal pain, chest pain or intense pressure that radiates at times to the neck, jaws, shoulders and arms; particularly on the left side. |
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| Atherosclerotic Heart Disease |
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Definition
| deposits of cholesterol, other lipids and inflammation leads to vascular wall thickening and narrowing of the arteries. |
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Definition
| the narrowing of a blood vessel causes a blood flow disturbance resulting in a blowing or swishing sound in the arterial area (ie carotid bruit, renal bruit) (aneurysm) |
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| radial and ulnar arteries are compressed, client opens hand and ulnar is released. The hand should turn pink |
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| Doppler or Ultrasonic Stethoscope |
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Definition
| instrument that amplifies the sound of the peripheral artery pulse; used with pts who have arteries that are difficult to palpate. |
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| bulging of tissues at the nail base due to insufficient oxygenation in the periphery |
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| 1. inflammation of a vein |
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| Pressure is placed on the nail bed and then released; the time it takes for the nail color to come back is measured. |
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Definition
| build up of fluid produces a swollen area in the skin |
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| failure of the heart to beat at regular successive intervals |
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| the radial pulse is slower than the apical plse |
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| thrust or continuous palpable sensation of blood like the purring of a cat |
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| point of maximum impulse; point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall at the fourth or fifth intercostal space to the left of the midclavicular line |
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