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Definition
| pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
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the heart lies between the lungs in this cavity |
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| a double-walled membrane surrounding the heart |
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Definition
| a tough external layer surrounding the heart |
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Term
| serous layer of the pericardium |
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Definition
the inner layer surrounding the heart which is divided into 2 parts: parietal and viscous |
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Definition
| serous layer that lines the fibrous pericardium |
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Definition
serous layer also called the epicardium that lines the heart |
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Definition
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| external layer of the heart; also part of the serous layer of the pericardium. |
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| ,odd;es amd tjoclest ;auer pf tje jeart' tje actia; jeart isc;e/ |
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Definition
| inner layer of the heart; lines the heart chambers and valves. |
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| combining form that means crown |
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| arteries that serve the heart to supply the heart oxygen |
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remove waste products from the myocardium |
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Definition
blockage of the coronary vessels (If the blood supply to the heart is disrupted, the myocarium cannot function) |
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Definition
| deficiency in blood supply to an area |
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Definition
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Definition
| localized area of necrosis caused by an interrupted blood supply |
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Term
Mammalian and avian hearts versus Reptile hearts |
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Definition
Mammalian and avian hearts are 4 chambered. Reptilian hearts are 3 chambered. |
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Term
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Definition
| the craniodorsal chambers of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| singular form of atria: the craniodorsal chambers of the heart |
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Definition
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Definition
| left and right atrea are separated by this wall |
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Definition
| separating wall or partition |
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Definition
| caudoventral chambers of the heart |
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Definition
| combining form for ventricle |
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Definition
| ventricles are separated from each other |
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Definition
| the narrow tip of the heart; apex |
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Definition
| membranous fold; there are 4 heart valves |
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Term
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Definition
| combining forms for valve |
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Term
right atrioventricular valve or right av valve |
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Definition
this 3 cusped valve controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle; aka tricuspid valve |
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Term
pulmonary semilunar valve or pulmonary valve |
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Definition
This valve is located between the right venticle and the pulmonary artery and controls blood entering the lungs. Semilunar means half-moon, and this valve is shaped like a half moon. |
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Term
left atrioventricular valve or left av valve |
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Definition
this valve controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle; aka mitral valve or bicuspid valve because it has 2 cusps |
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Term
aortic semilunar valve or aortic valve |
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Definition
This valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta and controls blood entering the arterial system. It is also half-moon shaped. |
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Term
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Definition
The rate and regularity of the heart rhythm which is modified by electrical impulses from nerves that stimulate the myocardium. The heartbeat or cardiac cycle is an alternating sequence of relaxation and contraction of the heart chambers. |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time. |
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Definition
The electrical impulses controlled by the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava; alongside the pukinje fibers is called the pacemaker of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
atypical cardiac muscle cells that alongside the SA node, establishes teh basic rhythm of the heart and is called the pacemaker of the heart. Purkinje fibers are less developed in the atria and are usually associated with the ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| atrial contraction that forces blood into the ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| means force of contraction |
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Term
atrioventricular node or AV node |
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Definition
| located in the interatrial septum. This slow contraction causes a pause after atrial contraction to allow the ventricles to fill with blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| located within the interventricular septum; continues through the ventricle as ventricular Purkinje fingers which carry the impulse throught the ventricular muscle causing the ventricles to contract |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular contraction which forces blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteris |
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Term
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Definition
| normal heart rhythm starting into the sinoatrial node |
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Definition
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Definition
contraction; derived from Greek word meaning drawing together; think of squeezing |
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Definition
expanson or relaxation; derived from the Greek word for drawing apart; think dialate |
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Definition
| pounding with or without irregularity in rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid, random, and ineffective heart contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac arrhythmia in which atrial contractions are rapid but regular |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally slow heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally rapid heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden convulsion or spasm |
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Definition
| irregular heart rhythm resulting from variation in vagal nerve tone as a result of respiration (a non-pathologic arrhythmia) |
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Definition
| without contraction or lack of heart activity; flat line on an ECG |
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Definition
| temporary suspension of respiration and circulation |
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Definition
| low-frequency vibrations occurring during early diastole and late diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| workload of heart is divided into preload and afterload. |
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Term
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Definition
ventricular end-diastolic volume or the volume of blood entering the right side of the heart; |
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Term
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Definition
| impedance to ventricular emptying presented by aortic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| ECG or EKG is the record fo the electrical activity of the myocardium; it is a tracing that shows the changes in voltage and polarity (positive and negative) over time. |
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Term
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Definition
process of recording the electrical activity of the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| conductors which detect variations in electric potential |
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Term
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Definition
| act of listening to body sounds and usually involves the use of a stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
instrument used to listen; stetho- means chest -scope means instrument to visually examine or monitor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| means instrument to visually examine or monitor |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal sound associated with the turbulent flow of blood; sometimes caused by a leak in a valve |
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Term
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Definition
| inability of the valve to perform at the proper level |
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Term
holosystolic or pansystolic |
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Definition
| murmur that occurs during the entire ventricular contraction phase |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| abnormal swooshing cardiac sounds that progressively increase in loudness |
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Term
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Definition
| progressively decrease in loudness |
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Term
PMI point of maximum intensity |
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Definition
| the pmi is usually located at teh auscultation site of the defective valve |
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Term
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Definition
occurs when the ventricles contact without enough force to propel blood to the periphery pulse is determined by feel and can be categorized as strong, weak, or thready |
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Definition
| maybe a sign of mitral insufficiency or of unknown origin |
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Definition
| heartbeat sounds that are divided |
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Definition
| may be associated with movement or respiratory sounds |
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Definition
| usually caused by shivering |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for vessel |
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Definition
| opening in which fluid flows; diameter is affected by constriction and dialation |
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Definition
| narrowing of the vessel diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| widening of vessel diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| are things that narrow a vessel's diameter |
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Definition
| are things that widen a vessel's diameter |
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Definition
| depression where vessels and nerves enter an organ |
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Definition
| blood vessel that carries bloo aay from the heart (oxygenated/red) |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for artery |
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Definition
| main trunk of the arterial system an begins from the let vetnricle of the heart. |
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| supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen |
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| is derived from the Greek term koilia, meaning belly |
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Term
| ovarian/testicular arteries |
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Definition
| supply the ovaries/testicles |
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Definition
| (named for it's location) located under the collarbone |
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Definition
| smaller branches of arteries |
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Definition
| combining form which means vesssel that carries blood away from the heart |
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Definition
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| functional unit of the cardiovascular system; single cell thick vessels that connect the arterial and venous system; slower blood flow occurs here to allow more time for diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste products. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood flow through tissues |
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Term
| capillary refill time or crt |
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Definition
| CRT can be obtained by applying pressure to mucouis membranes and timing how long it takes for the pink color to return |
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Definition
| tiny blood vessels that carry blood to the veins |
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Definition
| form a low-pressure collecting system that rturns blood to the heart; have thinner walls and are less elastic than arteris (contraction of skeletal muscles cause the blood to flow through the veins toward the heart; also contain valves that permit blood flow toward the heart and prevent blood from flowing away from the heart |
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Definition
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| drains the ehad and neck area (jugulum is Latin for throat) |
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| drains the chest wall and adjacent structures (the prefix a- means without,and the combining form zygon means yoke or pair) and is named based on the fact that it is not paired in the body |
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Definition
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Definition
| combining form for yoke or pair |
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Definition
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Definition
| or around the vessels, is an undesired route of administration and usually is n error of intravenous injection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls. It is determined by the energy produced by the heart, the elasticity of the arterial walls, and the volume and viscosity of the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by pressure |
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Definition
| instrument to measure blood presure |
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Definition
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Definition
| combining form for pressure |
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Definition
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Definition
| occurs when the ventricles contract and is highest toward the end of the stroke output of the left ventricle. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the vetnricles relax and is lowet late in ventricular dilation |
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Definition
| combining form for pressure or tension (used when describing blood pressure |
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Definition
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Definition
| excessive or above normal |
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Definition
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Definition
| deficient or less than normal |
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Definition
| drugs used to lower blood pressure |
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Definition
| radiographic study of the blood vessels and heart using contrast material |
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Definition
| (record) resulting film from angiocardiography |
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Term
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Definition
| radiographic study of blood vessels following injection of radiopaque material |
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Definition
| film produced from angiography |
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Definition
| radiographic study in which a catheter is passed into a blood vessel and is guided into the heat to detect pressures and patterns of blood flow |
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Definition
| process of evaluating the heart structures using sound waves |
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Definition
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Definition
| uses the differences in frequency between sound waves and their echoes to measue the velocity of a moving object |
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Definition
| 24 hour ECG that records teh heart rates and rhythms onto a specialized tape recorder |
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Definition
| procedure of imaging objects by exposing sensitized film to x-rays |
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Definition
the resulting film
(this is an exception to the -gram, -graph, -graphy organization) |
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Definition
| constricting band applied to a lumb to control bleeding or to assist in drawing blood |
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Definition
| localized balloon-like enlargement of an artery |
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Definition
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Definition
| inablitiy of the aortic valve to perform at the proper levels, which results in blood flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta |
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Definition
| hardening and narrowing of the arteris. this may be caused by a plaque |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form for plaque or fatty substance |
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Definition
| compression of the heart due to fluid or blood collection in the pericardial sac |
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Definition
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Definition
| disease of the heart muscle |
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Term
| hypertrophic (Cardiomyopathy) |
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Definition
| excessive growth of the left ventricle |
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Definition
| characterized by a thin-walled left ventricle aka congestive |
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Definition
| inflammation of the heart |
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Definition
| syndrome that reflects insuficient cardiac output ot meet the body's needs; abbreviated CHF |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces, may be seen in CHF |
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Definition
| fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity seen in dogs secondary to CHF and other diseases |
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Definition
| abnormal fluid accumulation between the layers of the membrane encasing the lungs and is seen in cats secondary to CHF (fluid accumulation can be relieved by diuretics) |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that increase urine excretion (caffiene is a diuretic) |
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Term
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Definition
| alterations in the structure or function fo the right ventricle casued by pumonary hypertencion; also called pulmonary heart disease. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| heartworm infection found in dogs, cats, and ferrets |
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Definition
| scientific name of heartworm |
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Definition
| tiny larvae produced by mature heartworms |
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Definition
| obstruction of blood flow from the vena cava caused by heavy heartworm infestation |
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Term
| prophylactic or prophylaxis |
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Definition
| preventative (medication)/prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that kills larvae or juvenile heartworms |
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Definition
| substance that kills larvae or juvenile heartworms |
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Definition
| foreign object (e.g. a clot, air or tissue) that is circulating in blood |
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Definition
| blockage of a vessel by a foreign object |
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Definition
| inflammation of the endocardium and sometimes the heart valves (sometimes caused by bacteria ie bacterial endocarditis) |
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Definition
| interference with electrical conduction of the heart. heart block may be partial or complete and is graded in degrees based on the characteristics of the block. |
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Definition
| benign tumor comprised of newly formed blood vessels |
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Definition
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Definition
| above-normal levels of carbon dioxide. hypercapnia results in reduced levels of oxygen (hypoxia) and may cause a bluish tinge (cyanosis) to the skin and mucous membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| below-normal levels of carbon dioxide |
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Definition
| below-normal levels of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| localized area of necrosis caused by an interrupted blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency in blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| combining form isch/o means hold back |
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Term
| mitral valve insufficiency |
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Definition
| inability of the left atrioventricular valve to perform at the proper level; may be caused by fibrosis, endocarditis, or other conditions that occur in the mitral vlave area |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal protrusion of the left av valve that results in incomplete closure of the valve |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| blockage in a vessel or passageway of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| persistence of the fetal communication between the left pulmonary artery and aorta that should close shortly after birh; abbreviated PDA; patent means remaining open; A PDA may cause overloading of the left ventricle, which may lead to left ventricular failure. A continuous murmur usually is a sign of a PDA. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pericardium; peri=around;card=heart;itis=inflammation of |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of the openng and valvular area between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| backflow; used to describe backflow of blood caused by imperfect closure of heart valves |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate tissue perfusion;there are different types of shock, but one type occurs after cardiac arrest or cessation of heartbeat. Tx involves resuscitation via fluid administration, cardiac massage and artificial respiration. |
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Term
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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Definition
| or CPR addresses only the cardiac and respiratory systems |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple cardiac defect that includes pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta,and right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| blood clot attached to the interior wallof a vein or artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that prevent blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel |
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Term
| ventricular septal defect |
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Definition
| opening in the wall diving the right and left ventricles that may allow blood to shunt from the right ventricle to the left ventricle without becoming oxygenated; abbreviated VSD; A harsh holosystolic murmur usually is a sign of VSD |
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Term
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Definition
| means to bypass or divert; a shunt resulting from a ventricular septal defect would bypass the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of blood or lymph vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| throught the opening of vessel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of part of a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| incision of a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| tension exerted by bloodin the cranial vena cava; abbreviated CVP. (monitored by catheterization) |
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Term
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Definition
| use of electrical shock to restor the normal heart rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| control or stoppage of bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| small expander implanted in a blood vessel to prevent it from collapsing (a stent is also a device to hold tissue in place or to provide support for a graft) |
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream of the recipient |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical incision into a valve or membranous flap |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease produced by treatment |
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Term
| BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART |
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Definition
*the right atrium receives blood from all tissues, except the lungs, through the cranial and caudal venae cavae. Blood flows from here through the tricuspdvalve into the right ventricle;this is systemic circulaton.
*Teh right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs; this is known as pulmonary circulation.
*The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins. The blood flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle; this is pulmonary circulation.
*The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium. From the left ventricl, blood goes out through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta and is pumped to all parts of the body except the lungs. This is systemic circulation.
*Blood is returned by the venae cavae to the right atrium, and the cycle continues. |
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