Term
| cardiovascular system is… |
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Definition
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closed system of the heart and blood vessels
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Term
| function of cardio system |
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Definition
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deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove CO2 and other waste products
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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visceral pericardium (next to heart) and parietal pericardium (outside layer)
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Term
| what fills space between layers of pericardium? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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epicardium--outside layer (connective tissue); myocardium--middle layer (cardiac muscle); endocardium--inner layer (endothelium)
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Term
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Definition
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right and left atria (receiving chambers); right and left ventricles (discharging chambers)
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Definition
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Definition
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thicker than right because pumps blood to body
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Term
| oxygen poor side of heart |
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Definition
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Term
| oxygen rich side of heart |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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receive O2 poor blood from body and pumps it out through pulmonary arteries (enter right atrium)
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Term
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Definition
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carry blood to lungs where O2 is picked up and CO2 is unloaded (leaves right ventricle)
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Term
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Definition
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O2 rich blood is returned to left side of heart through the 4 pulmonary veins (enter left atrium)
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Term
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Definition
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"blood returned to left side of heart is pumped out of heart into aorta, from which arteries branch to supply to all body tissues (leaves left ventricle)"
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Term
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Definition
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valves between atria and ventricles (bicuspid--left and tricuspid--right)
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Term
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Definition
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valves between ventricle and artery (pulmonary similunar and aortic semilunar valves)
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Term
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Definition
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blood that nourishes the heart is provided by left and right coronary arteries
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Term
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Definition
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myocardium is drained by several cardiac veins (empty into enlarged vessel on back of heart called coronary sinus)
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Term
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Definition
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empties into right atrium
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Term
| 2 types of controlling systems act to regulate heart activity |
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Definition
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"(1) involves nerves of autonomic NS that act like ""brakes"" and ""accelerators"" to decrease or increase heart rate; (2) intrinsic conduction system or nodal system (heart muscle cells contract without nerve impulses)"
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Term
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Definition
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in right atrium; acts as pacemaker; contraction is initiated by SA node
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Term
| atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Definition
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at junction of atria and ventricles
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Term
| "AV bundle, bundle branches and Purkinje fibers do what?" |
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Definition
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conduct electrical signals (special tissue that behaves like neurons)
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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"events of 1 complete heartbeat: (1) mid-to-late diastole--blood flows into ventricles; (2) ventricular systole--blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood; (3) early diastole--atria f inish re-filling, ventricular pressure is low"
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Term
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Definition
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amount of blood pumped by each side of heart in 1 minute
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Term
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Definition
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volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 contraction
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Term
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Definition
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"take blood to the tissues and back (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins)"
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Term
| 3 layers of blood vessels |
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Definition
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(1) tunic intima (endothelium); (2) tunic media (smooth muscle); (3) tunic externa (mostly fibrous connective tissue)
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Term
| capillary beds consist of 2 types of vessels |
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Definition
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vascular shunt (directly connects an arteriole to a venule); true capillaries (exchange vessels)
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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points where pulse is easily palpated
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Term
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Definition
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measurements by health professionals--systolic (pressure at peak of ventricular contraction); diastolic (pressure when ventricles relax)
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Term
| neural factors on blood pressure |
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Definition
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autonomic nervous system adjustments (sympathetic)
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Term
| renal factors on blood pressure |
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Definition
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regulation by altering blood volume
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Term
| temperature factors on blood pressure |
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Definition
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"heat ahs vasodilation effect, cold has vasoconstricting effect"
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Term
| chemical factors (and diet) on blood pressure |
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Definition
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various substances can cause increases or decreases
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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substances move to and from body cells acourding to concentration gradients (O2 and nutrients leave the blood; CO2 and other wastes leave the cells)
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Term
| capillary exchange mechanisms (4) |
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Definition
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(1) direct diffusion across plasma membranes; (2) endocytosis or exocytosis; (3) some capillaries have gaps; (4) fenestrations (pores) of some capillaries
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