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Definition
| phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood |
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Definition
| phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries |
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Definition
| sound caused by closing of aortic and pulmonary semi-lunar valves |
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Definition
| sound caused by closing of atrioventricular valves in the heart |
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Definition
| abnormal heart sounds occurring during systole or diastole when no sound should be heart |
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Definition
| narrowed valves with an atrioventricular diastolic murmur and a semilunar systolic murmur |
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| Leaky/Insufficient/Incompetent (murmur) |
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Definition
| atrioventricular systolic murmur and semilunar diastolic murmur |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the amount of blood moved per unit time (heart rate x stroke volume) |
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Definition
| nerve center in medulla acted on by baroreceptors; increases vagal nerve output to the sinoatrial node; decreases heart rate when there is an increase in blood pressure |
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Definition
| nerve center in medulla acted on by baroreceptors; increases sympathetic nerve output with norepinephrine acting on beta adrenergic receptorsl destabalizes the resting potential of the sinoatrial node which increases heart rate and contractility |
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Definition
| afferent nerve endings that sense blood pressure and send signals to the medulla |
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Definition
| volume of blood pumped per cardiac cycle |
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Term
| Starling's Law of the Heart |
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Definition
| as the volume of ventricular fill increases, ventricular distension increases and that increases contractility/the force of contraction (stroke volume increases when fill increases) |
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Definition
| any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body |
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Definition
| small branch of an artery leading into capillaries; has the highest decrease in blood pressure |
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Definition
| any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules |
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Definition
| a very small vein, esp. one collecting blood from the capillaries |
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Definition
| any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart |
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Definition
| a band of smooth muscle that adjusts the blood flow into each capillary |
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Term
| Arterio-venous anastomses/shunts |
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Definition
| direct connections between arteries and veins that bypass capillary beds. |
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Term
| Starling's Law of Filtration |
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Definition
| there are two forces favoring filtration from the capillaries and two forces inhibiting it |
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Term
| Capillary hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| blood pressure; favors filtration out of the capillaries |
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Term
| Interstitial tissue colloidal pressure |
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Definition
| osmotic pressure that favors filtration out of the capillaries |
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Term
| Interstitial hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| tissue fluid pressure; inhibits filtration by pushing against the capillary |
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Term
| Capillary colloidal pressure |
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Definition
| osmotic pressure that inhibits filtration out of the capillaries |
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Term
| Skeletal muscle pump/tone |
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Definition
| a collection of skeletal muscles that aid the heart in the circulation of blood. It is especially important in increasing venous return to the heart, but may also play a role in arterial blood flow. |
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Definition
| volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in a person's circulatory system. A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately between 4.7 and 5 liters, with females generally having less blood volume than males; regulated by the kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| intrathoracic pressure is negative (suction of air into the lungs), and abdominal pressure is positive (compression of abdominal organs by diaphragm). This makes a pressure gradient between the infra- and supradiaphragmatic parts of v. cava inferior, "pulling" the blood towards the right atrium. |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac output x total peripheral resistance |
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Definition
| ex. catecholamines (alpha2 and alpha2 receptors), angiotensin II, vasopressin; local include some prostaglandins such as D and F, serotonin, and Thromboxin A2 |
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Term
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Definition
| ex. catecholamines (beta2 receptors); local include nitric oxide, prostaglandin E, and bradykinin |
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Definition
| colorless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended |
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Definition
| thin grayish white layer of white Blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets covering the top of the packed red Blood cells of a hematocrit |
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Definition
| the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the seat of the emotions" |
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Definition
| red blood cell that (in humans) is typically a biconcave disc without a nucleus; contain the pigment hemoglobin, which imparts the red color to blood, and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| polymorphonuclear phagocytic granulocyte with a prominent multi-lobed nucleus; usually the first cell type responding to injury or infection. |
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Definition
| white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by eosin |
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Definition
| leukocyte with basophilic granules easily stained by basic stains |
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Definition
| large phagocytic white blood cell with a simple oval nucleus and clear, grayish cytoplasm |
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Definition
| a form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring esp. in the lymphatic system |
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Definition
| colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; a white (blood) cell. There are several types, all ameboid cells with a nucleus, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages |
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Definition
| a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting |
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Definition
| the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow |
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Definition
| thenetwork of vessels through which lymph drains from the tissues into the blood |
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Definition
| vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation; thin walled, valved structures that carry lymph. As part of the lymphatic system, lymph vessels are complementary to the cardiovascular system |
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Definition
| each of a number of small swellings in the lymphatic system where lymph is filtered and lymphocytes are formed |
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| a lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune system. The human thymus becomes much smaller at the approach of puberty |
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Definition
| abdominal organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells in most vertebrates and forming part of the immune system |
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Definition
| either of two small masses of lymphoid tissue in the throat, one on each side of the root of the tongue |
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