Term
| What are the main components of the Cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of heart does a fish have? |
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Definition
Single heart- 2 chambers ( 1 atrium and 1 ventricle)
No seperation between oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood |
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Term
| What kind of heart does amphibians have? |
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Definition
3 chamber heart- incomplete double circulation
Right atrium (O2 poor) left atrium (O2 rich) and 1 ventricle |
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Term
| What kind of heart does reptiles have? |
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Definition
3 chamber heart- incomplete double circulation
Except crocodiles which have a 4 chamber heart |
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Term
| What kind of heart do birds and mammals have? |
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Definition
4 chamber heart- complete double circulation
No mixing of oxygen rich blood with oxygen poor blood |
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Term
What is exothermic?
What animals fall into this category? |
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Definition
Cold blooded
Fish, amphibians, and reptiles |
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Term
What is endothermic?
What animals fall into this category? |
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Definition
Warm blooded
Birds and mammals |
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Term
| What is the pericardial sac? |
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Definition
| Sac of dense connective tissue that covers the heart |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of the pericardial sac? |
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Definition
Fibrous pericardium- thickest outer layer
Parietal pericardium- middle layer
Visceral pericardium- inner layer, can't be removed |
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Term
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Definition
| Space between parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium that is full of fluid to prevent irritation |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation in the pericardial cavity (pain can resemble heart attack) |
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Term
| 3 layers of heart wall... |
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Definition
Epicardium- outermost layer of heart wall directly under visceral pericardium
Myocardium- middle, cardiac muscle, thickest layer
Endocardium- inner most layer |
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Term
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Definition
| Spaces where blood can be found |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the Endocardium, usually caused by high blood pressure |
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Term
| Characteristics of right side of heart |
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Definition
Low pressure side
Oxygen poor |
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Term
| Characteristics of left side of heart |
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Definition
High pressure side
Oxygen rich blood
Myocardium is 3x's thicker
Left ventricle has the highest pressure of any chamber (blood pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| Extra dense connective tissue that is found at the base of vessels or septum join heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening between atrium and ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| Open and close to allow blood or stop blood from passing from one area to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of 3 cusps and regulates passage of blood from RA to RV |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of 2 cusps and regulates passage of blood from LA to LV |
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Term
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Definition
Tendon like cords that connect to cusps from papillary muscles
Aid in the opening and closing if the valves due to pressure changes |
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Term
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Definition
Come off Endocardium walls to help form cordae tendinae
Aids in the opening and closing of the valves due to pressure changes |
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Term
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Definition
| Only artery that carries deoxygenated blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest artery in body, comes off the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
Regulates blood between LV and aorta
Semi lunar valves do not have cordae tendinae or papillary muscles |
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Term
| Pulmonary semi lunar valve |
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Definition
At base of pulmonary trunk, regulates blood between RV and pulmonary Trunk
Semi lunar valves do not have cordae tendinae or papillary muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Grove between atrium and ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
Grove between the 2 ventricles.
Septum is directly underneath
Angle on front, across on back |
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Term
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Definition
Starts at right ventricle- heart to lungs, lungs back to heart
RV to pulmonary arteries to lungs to 4 pulmonary veins (2in each lung) back to heart into LA |
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Term
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Definition
Heart to body, body back to heart
LV of heart to aorta to the whole body. Used blood returns to RA of heart through the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus |
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Term
| What to the blood pressure numbers represent? |
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Definition
Top number is systolic pressure which is the pumping pressure
Bottom number is diastolic pressure which is resting pressure |
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Term
| Pathway of blood through heart |
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Definition
| 1. Right atrium(S.V.C., I.V.C, and C.S.) 2. Tricuspid valve 3. Right ventricle 4. Pulmonary semi lunar valve 5. Pulmonary trunk/artery 6. Two pulmonary arteries carry blood to lungs 7. Four pulmonary veins return blood to heart from lungs 8. Left atrium 9. Bicuspid (mitral) valve 10. Left ventricle 11. Aortic semi-lunar valve 12. Aorta 13. Aorta carries blood to entire body 14. Blood goes back to right atrium through S.V.C. and I.V.C. |
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Term
| What are the components of the coronary system? |
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Definition
Coronary arteries
Coronary veins
Coronary sinuses |
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Term
| What feeds blood to the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to collect used blood in heart and pour it into the coronary sinus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What small cavity is considered a vein because it dumps used blood into right atrium? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue that is deprived of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart attack (part of heart is dead or dying) |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by a partial block in a coronary artery, brought on by hard physical work or exercise |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Completely turned in- may need to be replaced |
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Term
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Definition
| When a valve starts to invert |
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Term
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Definition
| Valves change shape due to high blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Heart wears out, can become a heart attack |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Located on roof of right atrium, self exciting tissue that gets signal from brain and signals RA and LA to contract
Natural pacemaker of heart |
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Term
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Definition
Mass of merging cells that act as a unit
Makes atrium contract as unit |
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Term
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Definition
Located above RV., slightly delay sending impulse to ventricles to allow emptying of atriums
Then relays impulse to ventricles
Can temporarily take over and keep heart beating (maybe minutes) |
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Term
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Definition
Carries information from AV node to septum
Splits into 2 sides- right bundle fiber and left bundle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 7 steps of conductivity... |
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Definition
1. S.A. nodes
2. Atrial syncytium
3. A.V. node
4. Bunde of his
5. Right and left bundle fiber
6. Purkinje fibers
7. Ventricular syncytiums |
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Term
| What parasympathetic nerve controls the S.A. and A.V. nodes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sympathetic nerve controls the S.A. and A.V. nodes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heart rates that are not normal are called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate over 100 BPM
Complete heart cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate under 60 beats per minute
Complete heart cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate 250-350 BPM
Complete heart cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Uncoordinated; rapid heart rate
Not complete heart cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Unexpected or early heart beat
Complete heart cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Using a defribulator on someone to stop heart so it can restart properly |
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Term
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Definition
Carries blood away from heart; with the exception oc the 2 pulmonary arteries others carry O2 right blood; high pressure vessels
Walls are elastic
No exchanges
Biggest vessel |
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Term
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Definition
Inner- tunica intima
Middle- tunica media
Outer- externa |
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Term
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Definition
| Build up of plaque causing hardening of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| When walla of arteries start to expand and cause a balloon |
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Term
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Definition
| Capillaries in brain to protect it |
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Term
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Definition
Smallest in size, largest in number
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
Exchange nutrients, gases, and waste
Under little to no pressure
Selectively permeable |
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Term
| What are 3 methods used to transport in and out of capillaries? |
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Definition
Osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Simple diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
Red blood cells are sickle shaped
Does not transport correctly due to disconfiguration... clogs capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
All carry blood towards heart
With the exception of the 4 pulmonary veins, all carry O2 poor blood
Low pressure
3 layers to walls
Not elastic
No exchanges
More blood in veins than anywhere else |
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Term
| 4 ways to move blood in veins |
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Definition
Skeletal muscles
Hydrostatic pressure
Valves
Breathing |
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Term
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Definition
Surface veins- engorged with blood, usually a valve problem
Can be short term of long term |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Forms blood clots in addition to inflammation of a vein |
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Term
| 4 factors affecting arterial blood pressure |
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Definition
Heart action
Peripheral resistance
Blood volume
Blood viscosity |
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Term
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Definition
| Stroke volume and cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
Amount of blood discharged by the ventricle per contraction
About 70ml |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of blood discharged by the ventricle per minute |
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Term
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Definition
Friction between blood and vessel walls
Directly proportional to blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Plasma plus blood cells
Directly proportional to blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Thickness
Directly proportional to blood pressure |
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