Term
| list the path of blood through the circulatory system. |
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Definition
| heart, large elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, medium veins, large veins, heart |
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Term
| describe arteriovenous anastomosis. |
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Definition
| when blood travels directly from arterioles to venules |
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Term
| describe a vascular portal system and where it is seen. |
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Definition
| when blood travels from one capillary plexus to a second capillary plexus, liver and pituitary |
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Term
| what forces govern blood flow from arteries to veins? |
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Definition
| high hydrostatic pressure on arteriole side, and high oncotic pressure on venous side |
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Term
| what are the three types of capillaries? |
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Definition
| continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous sinusoidal |
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Term
| what is the diameter of an average capillary? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the different types of capillary exchange mechanisms in continuous capillary system? |
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Definition
| open pores/gaps (leaky), diffusion, filtration, vesicular transport (transcytosis), transendothelial channels |
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Term
| what is the difference between basement lamina and basement membrane? |
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Definition
lamina is only visible at the EM level
membrane is visible at the LM level |
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Term
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Definition
| they surround capillary endothelium and can replace endothelial cells |
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Term
| what are fenestrations and diaphragms? |
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Definition
| transcapillary pores spanned by a filter that allow molecular transport |
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Term
| where are fenestrated capillaries found? |
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Definition
| the gut and endocrine glands |
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Term
| what is the only organ that does not contain capillary diaphragms? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are sinusoidal capillaries found? |
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Definition
| liver, spleen, bone marrow |
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Term
| describe the characteristics of an arteriole. |
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Definition
| small lumen (<100um), thin intima, 1-5 layers muscle in media, thin adventitia, may/may not have internal elastic lamina |
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Term
| describe the characteristics of a muscular (distributing) artery. |
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Definition
| large lumen (300um) thin intima, 40 layers muscle in media, thin adventitia, internal and external lamina |
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Term
| describe the characteristics of elastic arteries. |
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Definition
| large lumen, thick intima, 40-60 layers muscle in media, thin adventitia, 40-60 layers of elastic lamina in media |
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Term
| describe the characteristics of collecting venules. |
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Definition
| small lumen (<50um), thin intima, no muscle in media, thin adventitia, no elastic lamina |
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Term
| describe the characteristics of muscular venules. |
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Definition
| medium sized lumen (1-200um), thin intima, 1-2 layers muscle in media, thin adventitia, no elastic lamina |
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Term
| describe the characteristics of small to medium veins. |
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Definition
| large lumen (>200um), thin intima w/ valves, thin media, thick adventitia, internal elastic lamina |
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Term
| describe the characteristics of large veins. |
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Definition
| large lumen, thick intima, thin media, thick adventitia, internal elastic lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels in the walls of blood vessels |
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Term
| true or false. arterioles and venules often run side by side. |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three functions of the lymphatic system? |
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Definition
| return excess fluid to circulation, transport lipids, immune support |
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Term
| describe the characteristics of a lymphatic vessel. |
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Definition
| have large cell junctions that allow import of ECF, contain valves, thin endothelial lining |
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Term
| what is the easiest histological difference between lymphatic and vascular vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the tissue layers of the heart? |
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Definition
| pericardial sac, outer epicardium, middle myocardium, and inner endocardium |
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Term
| true or false. coronary arteries run outside of the pericardial sac. |
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Definition
| false, they run inside the pericardial sac |
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Term
| what features are unique to cardiac muscle cells? |
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Definition
| branching of the cells, and central nucleus |
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