Term
| Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) |
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Definition
| Chronic progression; disease in arteries or veins; major cause is atherosclerosis |
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Term
| Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) |
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Definition
| Lower leg arteries (can also be in arms and carotid); most commonly affected is femoral artery; often asymptomatic but can have cramping, tightness and fatigue or hair loss in the area; Symptoms/only fix when >70% is occluded; Decreased pulses and capillary refill; Diagnose using ankle-brachial index |
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Term
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) |
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Definition
| white males; usually asymptomatic but possible back pain; if ruptures, survival rate is very low; surgically fix at around 5 cm |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized dilation of an arterial vessel wall from weakening of that vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually caused by atherosclerosis but can also be caused by Ehler's-Danlow's Syndrome, Marfan's Syndrome or syphilis; usual symptoms include chest pain, SOB and hoarseness due to recurrent laryngeal nerve constriction |
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Term
| Giant Cell Arteritis/Temporal Arteritis (TA) |
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Definition
| Chronic inflammatory disease of the large blood vessels, particularly the cranial arteries; thickening of the intimal layer with narrowing and occlusion of the lumen; severe headache especially in temporal and occipital regions; Bruits in the carotid; Gold standard for diagnosis is temporal artery biopsy |
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Term
| Raynaud's Disease and Phenomenon |
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Definition
| Disease is idiopathic; Phenomenon is secondary to many other causes; vasospastic disease causing spasm of arterioles usually in the digits with pallor and cyanosis; pale or blue fingers or toes usually after exposure to cold or extreme emotion; numbness; Avoid beta blockers but can use calcium channel blockers |
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Term
| Buerger's Disease (Thromboangitis Obliterans) |
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Definition
| Inflammatory changes in small and medium sized arteries and veins in extremities; does not involve coronaries; Male smokers 20-40; Pain, numb, tingling, decreased pulses, pallor, ulcerations and gangrene |
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Term
| Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) |
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Definition
| Prolonged venous thrombosis leads to edema and dilated superficial veins in legs; fullness, aching/tiredness in legs during activity that's relieved by rest; darkening of the skin in the area; many patients develop vericose veins as collateral circulation |
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Term
| Stasis, Intimal Injury of the endothelium, Hypercoagulability |
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Definition
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Term
| Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) |
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Definition
| Thrombus or clot that forms in one of the deep veins in the legs; many are asymptomatic, otherwise have tenderness/pain along the artery system, edema or skin discoloration; risk of PE |
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Term
| Superficial Venous Thrombosis (Thrombophlebitis) |
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Definition
| Thrombus in the superficial veins; no risk for PE; self-limited; pain, tenderness and warmth; warm compresses and NSAIDS |
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Term
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Definition
| Elongated, dilated, tortuous superficial veins in the legs with incompetent valves allowing for the reversal of blood flow; more common in caucasian obese women; |
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Term
| Superior Vena Caval Obstruction |
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Definition
| Rare; usually secondary to neoplasms (80%); swelling of neck and face and upper extremities; headache, dizziness, visual disturbances, stupor, syncope or cough |
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