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Cardiology lecture 2 epidemiology
epidemiology Cardio lecture 1
26
Anatomy
Graduate
09/21/2011

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Term
What is the number 1 cause of death for adults over the age of 20?
Definition
cardiovascular disease
Term
___ as many pple die from coronary heart disease as those that die from cancer.
Definition
Twice
Term
National incidence of myocardial infarction is 1.5 million annually ( 67% men and 43% women)
Definition
Term
Deaths from coronary heart disease have decreased since the 1960s but remains a major cause of death.
Definition
Term
Within one year of a heart attack, 25 percent of men and 38 percent of women will die.
Definition
Term
In 2006, 631,636 people died of heart disease. Heart disease caused 26% of deaths—more than one in every four—in the United States.
Definition
Term
What is the most common type of heart disease?
Definition
Coronary heart disease
Term
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of most ethnicities in the United States, including African Americans, American Indians or Alaska Natives, Hispanics, and whites. Below is the percentage of all deaths caused by heart disease in 2004, listed by ethnicity.
Definition
highest percentage of deaths in whites first, AA second
Term
Risk factors for heart disease ( in order from risk factor with most American's affected to least):
Definition
- Inactivity
- Obesity
- High blood pressure
- Cigarette smoking
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
Term
__ are the number one cause of death globally: more people die annually from __ than from any other cause.
Definition
CVDs
CVDs
Term
An estimated 17.1 million people died from CVDs in 2004, representing 29%of all global deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.2 million were due to coronary heart disease and 5.7 million were due to stroke.
Definition
Term
82% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women
Definition
low and middle income countries are more greatly affected
Term
By 2030, almost 23.6 million people will die from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and stroke. These are projected to remain the single leading causes of death. The largest percentage increase will occur in the ___ ___ Region. The largest increase in number of deaths will occur in the ___ ___ __ Region.
Definition
- Eastern Mediterranean
- South-East Asia Region
Term
In order from most deaths to least deaths, list the 4 top causes of death from Cardiovascular Disease:
Definition
1. Coronary Heart Disease
2. Strokes
3. Diseases of the Arteries
4. Congestive Heart Failure
Term
What are the 6 leading causes of deaths from most to least of men and women in the United States?
Definition
1. CVD
2. Cancer
3. Accidents
4. Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
5. Diabetes Mellitus
6. Alzheimer's Disease
Term
More than 42 million women are currently living with some form of cardiovascular disease.[1]  More than 8 million women have a history of heart attack and/or angina.[1]
Five and a half million women will suffer angina.[1]
Definition
Term
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in American women, killing more than __ of women.
Definition
1/3
Term
More than 200,000 women die each year from heart attacks- five times as many women as breast cancer.[1]
More than 159,000 women die each year of congestive heart failure, accounting for 56.3% of all heart failure deaths.[1]
Definition
Term
More __ than __ die of heart disease each year.
Definition
- women than men
Term
Women are less likely than men to receive appropriate treatment after a heart attack.[1]

Women comprise only 27% of participants in all heart-related research studies.[2]
Definition
women are under-represented in heart related research studies
Term
Risk factors for Cardiovascular disease:
Definition
- Age (> 45 for men or >55 for women)
- Gender
- Family history (especially 1st degree relatives)
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Dislipidemias (elevated total cholesterol, low HDL, high LDL, high triglycerides)
- Cardiometabolic risk factors (Inflammatory, Hypercoagulation)
- Tobacco use
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Steroid use
- Stress
- Environment?
Term
Coronary Heart Disease Equivalents: Secondary Prevention:
Definition
- Known Coronary Heart Disease
- Type II Diabetes
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Aortic Aneurysm
- Carotid Artery Disease (CAD)
- 10 year risk of >20%
- Metabolic Syndrome?
Term
Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence:
Definition
23.7% of adult population
47 million Americans
increases with age
6.7% of 20-29 yr olds
43.5% of 60-69 yr olds
overall, prevalence similar in men and women
African-American women 57% higher
Mexican-American women 26% higher
Term
More women than men will have a __ heart attack within 6 years after their first heart attack.
Definition
second heart attack
Term
Women with __ are 3 to 4 times more likely than men to develop heart disease.
Definition
Diabetes
Term
Diabetes __ the risk of a __ __ __ in women.
Definition
- doubles
- second heart attack
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