Term
| What are the types of Dialated Cardiomyopathies and what are the causes of each? |
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Definition
Familial: Auosomal Dominant(variable penetrance), X-Linked Dystrophin Mutation
Toxin-Induced: EtOH, Adriamycin/Doxarubicin, Thiamine Deficiency
Myocarditis: Coxsackie B (Enteroviral Types)
Pregnancy: Late/Postpartum |
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Term
| When is the X-linked Famial Dialated Cardiomyopathy likely to present? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the Histology of a Dialated Cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
Myocyte Hypertropy and Stretching
Nuclear Enlargement
Interstitial Fibrosis
Maybe inflamatory Cells |
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Term
| What are the causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
Familial: Autosomal Dominant- Myosin Heavy Chain, Troponin T
Freidreich's Ataxia
Storage Diseases
Infants of Diabetic Mothers |
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Term
| What type of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is correlated with the worst outcome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What area of the Heart is most affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes endocardial fibrosis of the anterior wall of the Ventrical in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
| Repeated contact with the Anterior Leaflet of the Mitral Valve |
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Term
| What is the histology of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
Box-car Nuclei
Myocyte disarray
Interstitial Fibrosis |
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Term
| Which cadiomyopathies are characteristist of systolic dysfunction and which are characteristic of diastolic disfunction? |
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Definition
Dialated: Systolic
Hypertrophic: Diastolic
Restrictive: Diastolic |
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Term
| What are the mimetics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies |
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Definition
Hypertension with Subaortic Septal hypertrophy
Aortic Stenosis
Amyloidosis |
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Term
| What percent of dialated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are familial |
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Definition
Dilated: 25-35%
Hypertrophic: 50% |
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Term
| What is the most common Cardiomyopathy and what is the most common cause for a cardiac transplant? |
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Definition
| Both are dialated cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Under what circumstances would you see a concentric myocyte hypertrophy and when would you see a non-concentric myocyte hypertrophy? |
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Definition
Concentric: Increase After Load-Aortic Stenosis, Hypertension
Non-Concentric: Volume Overload |
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Term
| What are the sequelle to Left-sided heart failure? |
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Definition
Decrease Renal Prefusion: Renin-Angio Activation-> Pulmonary edema
Cerebral Hypoxia
Left Atrial Dialation->A.Fib
Pulmonary Congestion
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Term
| What are the sequelle to Right sided heart failure? |
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Definition
Liver Congestion-> Cirrhosis
Renal Congestion
Pleural Effusion
Anasarca |
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Term
| What are two common causes of Right sided heart failure? |
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Definition
Left-sided failure
Pulmonary Hypertension(Cor Pulmonale) |
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Term
| What are some indications of Pulmonary edema on CXR? |
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Definition
Kerley Lines
A: Lymphatic distention of Peripheral-Central Anastomoses
B: Perivascular/Interstitial Transudate in interlobular septa |
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Term
| How would cardiac amyloidosis appear on biopsy |
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Definition
| Pink staining deposits between myocytes |
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Term
| What is the most common complication of acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic fever |
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Definition
Acute: Mitral insufficiency
Chronic: Mitral Regurg |
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