Term
| Signals for VSMC proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do macrophages enter fatty streaks |
|
Definition
| VLA-4 binds VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p-selectin on sites of endothelial damage |
|
|
Term
| How do macrophages contribute to atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
IL-1,6: Inflammation
MCP-1: Monocyte Chemotactic
Metalloproteases: Cellular damage
ROS: Oxidized LDL
Tissue factor(III): promote clotting
|
|
|
Term
| What are the negative actions of oxidized LDL |
|
Definition
Immunogenic: Mac phagocytosis, Monocyte recruitment, Ig formation and Cytokine release
Toxic: Endothelial and SM
|
|
|
Term
| How do lymphocytes contribute to atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
IFN-gamma
Increase Il-2 Receptor |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Type IV and V AHA Lesions |
|
Definition
Central Necrosis: Yellow Cholesterol Clefts
Fibrous Cap
Macrophages at Shoulders
Chronic Inflamation
|
|
|
Term
| Type Va, Vb, Vc AHA lesion characteristics |
|
Definition
Va: Fibroatheroma
Vb: Calcification
Vc: More Fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plaque Rupture, Fissuring, Intraplaque Hematoma |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a vulnerable plaque? What mediator can induce weakening? |
|
Definition
More Necrosis and inflamation, Thinner Cap
IFN-Gamma |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of Insulin on the vascular wall |
|
Definition
Good: Increase NO-less SM proliferation and less cytokines
Bad: Increase plasminogen activactor inhibitor and PDGF Potency |
|
|
Term
| How does homocysteine contribute to atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
Oxidation: Endothelial injury
Thrombosis:
Increase V and VII Activity,
Thromboxane A2,
Block tPA, Thrombomodulin
Mitogen: VSM Growth |
|
|
Term
| What are the major complications of Aneuryms |
|
Definition
| Rupture, Embolism, Infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the incidental event for the formation of atheroscelrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the underlying mechanisms of Diabetes developing Atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
Advanced Glycation products-> Endothelial Damage
Intracellular Hyperglycemia |
|
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