Term
| commissurotomy or valvulotomy |
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Definition
| treatment for stenotic valve that is cutting or seperation of a fused heart valve |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment for stenotic valve that is cardiac catheterization with a balloon inflated to seperate the leaflets of heart valves |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment for regurgitant valve in which the valve is reconstructed to make it tighter |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment for regurgitant valve in which the valve is repaired by suturing the torn leaflets, chordae tendinae, or papillary muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| last choice in the treatment for both stenotic and regurgitant valves |
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Term
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Definition
| extensively damages myocardial muscle fibers which affect the structure and function of the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricles dilate without hypertrophy or increase in heart muscle mass |
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Term
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ventricular hypertrophy) |
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Definition
| increased heart muscle mass without dilation of the ventricle thus reducing the size of the chamber |
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Term
| restrictive/constrictive cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
| impaired ventricular compliance which causes impaired ventricle filling and decreased CO and SV |
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Term
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Definition
| all three types of cardiomyopathy result in stimulation of the ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in the heart size and/or structure leads to ____ and _____ due to lack of sufficient blood supply to support enlarged heart |
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Term
| defibrillation/cardioversion |
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Definition
delivery of direct current which causes all cardiac cells to depolarize at once
- stops ventricular tachyydysrhythmias and fibrillary dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical shock to depolarize the cells of the myocardium and allow the SA node to resume role of pacemaker |
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Term
| sychronized cardioversion |
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Definition
| defibrillation is synchronized with pt heart rhythm to reset heart in non-emergency situations |
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Term
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Definition
| provides electrical stimulation to the heart muscle to initiate the heart beat when the Intrinsic Conduction system fails or is unreliable |
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Term
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Definition
| pacemaker fires regardless of pts rhythm at a preset rate |
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Term
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Definition
pacemaker fires when needs to
- senses the pts rate and fires when HR drops below a certain level |
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Term
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Definition
| after insertion, the lead from the pacemaker can move and cause ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| after pacemaker insertion, the nurse should assess for ______ that can result from accidental puncture |
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Term
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Definition
| symptom that may be present if the lead on the pacemaker moves and stimulates the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| in the fetus,oxygenated blood enters the heart through the inferior vena cava from the umbilical vein through the ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| a structure in a fetus that shunts blood past portal circulation bypassing the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| structure that permits most of the highly oxygenated blood from the mom to do directly to the right atrium of the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| in fetal circulation, because of higher pressure of blood in the right atrium, the blood is directed across the right atrium through the ____ ____ to the left atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| opening between the right and left atria of the fetus that shunts blood past the lungs as they are nonfunctional until birth |
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Term
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Definition
| Some of the blood that is pumped to the right ventricle of the fetus is pumped through the ____ to the aorta so it bypasses the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| structure between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that shunts blood past the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital heart defects that result form atrial/ventricular septal defects or a patent ductus arteriousus cause _____ _____ due to blood being shunted from the left to right side of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of the aortic valve which causes resistance to blood flow in the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery exiting the right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| aortic stenosis causes ___ ___ due to the obstruction of blood leaving the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| pulmonic stenosis causes _____ ____ due to the obstruction of blood leaving the right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of the aorta near the ductus arteriousus |
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Term
upper extremities and head
lower extremities |
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Definition
| coarctation of the aorta causes increased BP in the _____ and ____ and decreased BP in the ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of four congenital heart defects (pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta) |
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Term
| right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Definition
| compensatory effect r/t increased pressure on the right side of the heart due to pulmonic stenosis |
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Term
| ventricular septal defect |
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Definition
| congenital heart defect that causes right to left shunting through the defect |
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Term
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Definition
| aorta that sits near the core of the heart and receives blood from both ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| an overriding aorta causes ____ due to the mixture of oxygenated and deoxygentated blood |
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Term
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Definition
| condition ussually present with Tetralogy of Fallot because the body compensates by making more RBC's |
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Term
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Definition
| position used by older children with Tetralogy of Fallot because it decreases venous return to heart which decreases right to left shunting and increases oxygentaion |
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Term
| transposition of great vessels |
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Definition
| condition that causes the pulmonary artery to exit the left ventricle and the aorta to leave the right ventricle |
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Term
| transposition of great vessels |
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Definition
| condition in which a defect must be present to allow for blood circulation between the right and left ventricle which allows mixing of blood |
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Term
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Definition
condition in which only one vessel exits that heart from both ventricles
- aortic and pulmonic arteries are joined |
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Term
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Definition
| condition which is always associated with a large ventricle septal defect since both ventricles pump through one exit |
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