Term
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Definition
| thin inner layer of heart |
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Term
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Definition
| middle muscle layer of heart |
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Term
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Definition
| outer most fibrous layer of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| double layer fibrous-serous membrane that surrounds the heart and forms the pericardial sac |
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Term
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Definition
| the heart is divided vertically by the _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| the ______ valve divides that artium and ventricles on the right side |
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Term
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Definition
| the _____ valve divides the atrium and ventricles on the left side |
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Term
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Definition
| vein that returns blood from coronary circulation to the right atrium of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the S1 is the sound of the ____ valves closing during Systole |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular relaxation and filling with blood |
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Term
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Definition
| the S2 is the sound of the _____ valves closing |
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Term
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Definition
| durin the diastole, the ventricles fill by __(2) |
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Term
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Definition
| at the end of diastole, remaining blood is moved from the atria to the ventricle by ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of blood ejected from ventricles with each contraction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in 1 minute |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an indicator of how well the heart is functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| term referring to cardiac output increasing when O2 needs increases |
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Term
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Definition
| if O2 need increases, then cardiac output should ______ (cardiac reserve) |
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Term
size of ventricles
Ventricular Compliance |
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Definition
| two factors that affect stroke volume |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the ventricles to stretch to accomodate blood |
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Term
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Definition
| too rapid of a heart rate will cause cardiac output and stroke volume will _____ because there is not time for the ventricles to ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| if heart rate is too rapid, perfussion to _________ will decrease because they fill primarily during diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| volume in ventricles at the end of diastole prior to contraction |
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Term
ventricular compliance
stroke volume |
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Definition
| the amount of preload is r/t __(2) |
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Term
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Definition
| the greater the volume, the greater the stretch of the cardiac muscles, and the greater the force of the contraction which increases cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood
- the pressure in the arterial system ahead of the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| increased preload, contractility, and afterload will ____ the work of the heart and ____ oxygen demand |
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Term
| intrinsic conduction system |
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Definition
| specialized nerve tissue in the heart that is capable of initiating an electrical impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of the hearts self excitation (the initiation and transmition of impulses without a stimulus) |
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Term
| superior vena cava and R atrium |
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Definition
| the SA node is located at the junction of the _______ and ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| transmit the electrical impulse from the SA node through the atria to the AV node |
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Term
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Definition
| when the heart impulse reaches the ____ it is delayed to allow for ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| during the atrial kick, the last ____ of blood is ejected into the ventricles |
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Term
| bundle of His - R&L bundle branches |
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Definition
| conducts the electrical impulse from the atria into the ventricles and divides into ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| transmit the impulse down the R and L ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
condust the impulse to all parts of the venrticle
- terminal point in conduction that triggers ventricular contraction |
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Term
| external/extrinsic conduction system |
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Definition
control of the heart through the autonomic nervous system.
- can override the normal intrinsic rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the ___ nerve to slow HR and decrease contraction |
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Term
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Definition
sound that is made by resistance to the atrial kick
- immediately preceding S1 |
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Term
internal mammary artery
saphenous vein |
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Definition
| two blood vessels commonly used for bypass |
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Term
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Definition
| to receive bypass, the coronary artery must be at least __% occluded to prevent clotting in graft |
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Term
| transmyocardial laser revascularization |
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Definition
| laser is used to drill tiny holes in the myocardium muscle to provide collateral blood flow to ischemic muscle |
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Term
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Definition
muscle enzyme that is specific to cardiac and skeletal muscle
- rises VERY early in muscle damage |
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Term
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Definition
protein unique to heart muscle
- provides accurate id of MI
- prolonged elevation |
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Term
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Definition
| general enzyme found in heart and skeletal muscle and brain tissue, but can be broken down by type |
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Term
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Definition
| this type of creatine kinase is only present when there is damage to heart cells (MI) |
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Term
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Definition
| desirable cholestrol is less than ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| transports cholestrol and triglycerides into cells and walls of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| desireable LDL is less than ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| transports cholestrol to liver to be broken down and excreted |
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Term
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Definition
| desireable HDL range for men |
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Term
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Definition
| desireable HDL range for women |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds of fatty acids that are used for fat storage |
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Term
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Definition
| desireable triglyceride level is less than ___ |
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Term
| lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 |
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Definition
| measure of vascular inflammation which may indicate risk for CAD in patients with normal LDL levels |
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