Term
| what is the pacemaker of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can a nurse calculate the pts heart rate using the EKG strip |
|
Definition
Regular rhythm: 300/the number of large boxes
Irregular rhythm: count the number of R waves and mulitly by 10 |
|
|
Term
| what heart sounds will be hear with pericarditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do lipids affect the arteries? |
|
Definition
| Lipids are excessive fats in the blood and thicken the lining of the arteries. |
|
|
Term
| the heart and blood vessels function |
|
Definition
| pump blood, transport gases, nurtients, and wastes |
|
|
Term
| where is the heart located |
|
Definition
| in the mediastinum (the chest cavity between the lungs) |
|
|
Term
| what is the only artery the carries unoxygenated blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do we test capillary refill |
|
Definition
| arterial peripheral circulation |
|
|
Term
| contraction phase of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The absence of contractions of the heart
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|
|
Term
| relaxtion phase of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cardiac conduction flow of electrical impulses |
|
Definition
| SA Node > AV Node > Bundle of His > division into right and left branches > branches turn into smaller Purkinje fibers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Closure of the AV valve (mitral and trucuspid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Closure of the semilunar valves
(aortic and pulmonic) |
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|
Term
| where would you auscultate S2 |
|
Definition
| 2nd intercostal space right of the Sternum |
|
|
Term
| where do you auscultate S1 heart sounds |
|
Definition
| 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line |
|
|
Term
| How would you differentiate a pericardial rub from a pleural rub? |
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Definition
| Have pt hold their breath if you can still still hear the rub it is pericardial, you wont hear a pulmonary/pleural rub when pt is holding their breath |
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|
Term
| general nursing considerations/concept of radiographic imaging using dye |
|
Definition
- Assess for allergies - shellfish/iodine
- Monitor BUN and Cratinine
- No Pregnant women
- Pt may fell a warm flushed feeling, metallic taste in mouth
- Push fluids, flush 3 times
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|
|
Term
| How do you prepare for a Coronary Angiography? |
|
Definition
- Obtain informed consent
- Assess for allergies
- Mark Pedal Pulses if arterial
- Monitor BUN and Creatinine
- May have warm flushed feeling, metallic taste
- Push fluids
- Report SOB
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|
|
Term
| what is the amount of blood ejected with each heart beat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you measure cardiac output |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the hormone in the kidney that stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to make blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| formation of RBC is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the production of blood cells |
|
|
Term
| what is the cessation (stopping) of bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what blood type is the universal donor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood type is the universal recipient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes clubbing of the fingers |
|
Definition
| chronic oxygen deprivation in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A- Aortic area
located in the 2nd intercostal space, right side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pulmonic area
located 2nd ICS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Erb's Point
located 3rd ICS - Left side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tricuspid area 4th ICS, Left side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mitral area 5th ICS, Left side, Midclavicular Line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is CK-MB (creatinine kinase) enzyme specific to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cardiac Enzymes
a specific marker in the dx of a MI
name 4 |
|
Definition
- Troponin T
- Troponin I
- Myoglobin
- CK
|
|
|
Term
| Cardiac Enzyme Troponin T |
|
Definition
Normal Range <0.2 ng/L
first detected 3-5 hrs after MI
remains elevated 14-21 days |
|
|
Term
| myocardial muscle proteins released into blood stream with injury are called |
|
Definition
Troponins
most specific in MI |
|
|
Term
| Normal range for Total Cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HDL "Happy" CHL
normal range
where is it produced |
|
Definition
>40mg/dL
Produced by the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be up to 70% of Total CHL
<130 mg/dL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
store unused calories and provide body with energy
<150mg/dL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Females 4.2 - 54 million/uL
Males 4.7 - 6.1 million/u/L |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
iron containing oxygen protein in RBCs |
|
Definition
12-16 g/dL Females
14-18 g/dL Males |
|
|
Term
Hematocrit (Hct)
the proportion of RBCs to plasma |
|
Definition
37-47% Females
42-52% Males |
|
|
Term
| what will you find with anemia |
|
Definition
| decrease in RBC, Hgb, Hct |
|
|
Term
B-type Natiuretic Peptide
BPN |
|
Definition
| secreted from the ventricles in response to change in pressure that occur when HF develops or worsens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pH - 7.35-7.45
PaC02 - 35-45
Pa02 - 80-100%
HC03 - 21-26
Sa02 95-100% |
|
|
Term
CAD risk factors
modifiable
name 9 |
|
Definition
- Smoking
- Hyperlipidemia
- HTN
- DM
- Obesity
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- Stress
- Oral Contraceptives
- Phychosocial factors
|
|
|
Term
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD
NAME 5
|
|
Definition
- Family hx
- age
- gender
- culture
- ethnicity
|
|
|
Term
| characteristics of a bounding pulse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do you see on ECG with atrial fibrillation |
|
Definition
Totally irregular, no pattern pulse
coordination between the atria and ventricles is interrupted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is the sinus rhythm in PVC
(premature ventricular contractions) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PVC
(premature ventricular contractions) |
|
Definition
| ventricles fire an early impulse |
|
|
Term
| what is quivering of the ventricles - causing no cardiac output or pulse |
|
Definition
ventricular fibrillation
v-fib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a quick electric shock to the chest |
|
|
Term
| s/s of 3rd degree Heart Block where none of the sinus impulses reach the venticles on the ECG |
|
Definition
- dizziness
- syncope
- hypotension
- bradycardia, pulse around 30
requires a pacemaker |
|
|
Term
- what is cardioconversion
- NC when giving
- Digoxin
|
|
Definition
- a syncronized counter shock, conversion of one cardiac rhythm to another
- CLEAR CONTACT
- Hold Digoxin for 48 hours before
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asynchronous countershock that allows the SA node to regain control of the heart |
|
|
Term
| thickening or hardening of the arterial wall (stiff) is called (tight) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
formation of plaque within the arterial walls
(narrows) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what disease results from narrowing of the coronary arteries over time because of atherosclerosis - obstruction of blood flow |
|
Definition
CAD
coronary artery disease |
|
|
Term
| most common complaint from pt with CAD |
|
Definition
| angina - chest pain due to decreased O2 to the myocardium |
|
|
Term
| how would you know if a pt is having angina and not an MI |
|
Definition
Pain would be relieved by rest
Nitroglycerin
(with an MI pain does not go away with rest) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tight squeezing, heavy pressure, or constricting feeling in the chest, the pain may radiate to the jaw, neck or arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- persistent, crushing, substernal chast pain
- Profuse perspiration
- SOB
- N & V
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 12 lead ECG - reveals ST segment depression or elevation (dysrhthmias)
- Cardia Enzymes (CK-MB, Troponin T, Troponin I, and myoglobin) show rise and fall
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Monitor VS Q15 mins until stable, the Q hr
- O2
- Bed rest
|
|
|
Term
what is a PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
|
Definition
| a ballon is inflated to dialate the arterial lumen - adhering plaque and widening the arterial lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Informed consent form signed
- NPO at least 8 hours
- Assess allergies to shellfish/iodine
- Assess renal function (BUN & Creatinine)
- VS rule of 4
- Assess groin area for bleeding
- Maintain bedrest with legs extended; monitor CMST and chest pain (report chest pain STAT)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| utilizes saphenous vein or artery to bypass obstruction |
|
|
Term
what should you monitor for post op CABG
|
|
Definition
- monitor donor site to assure adequate circulation
- monitor VS, chest tubes, pain, fluids and electrolytes
|
|
|
Term
| s/s of right sided heart failure |
|
Definition
Peripheral symptoms BODY
- cyanosis
- cold (lack of circulation)
- decreased/absent peripheral pulses
- JVD
- peripheral edema
- increased AST/ALT (liver enzymes) due to congestion in the liver
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pulmonary symptoms: LUNGS
- Dyspnea
- orthopnea
- nonproductive cough
- crackles
- hemoptysis ( pink frothy sputum)
|
|
|
Term
| what is the patho for Right Sided HF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- monitor daily weight
- I & O
- administer O2; monitor lung sounds
- High Fowler's or Orthopneic
- Check ABG's, electrolytes (K+)
- Bed Rest; energy conservation
- restrict sodium and fluid intake
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pink , frothy sputum (hemoptysis) |
|
|
Term
| what causes acute pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| severe left ventricle failure - leads to hypoxemia (not enough O2 in blood ) |
|
|
Term
| risk factor of valvular heart disease |
|
Definition
| Mitral stenosis and insufficiency (rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
| what is a systemic inflammatory disease of childhood that develops after infection of the respiratory tract (streptococci) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is rheumatic heart disease |
|
Definition
inflammatory heart disorder
carditis |
|
|
Term
| when would the dr give a prophylactic antibiotic prior to a dental procedure? |
|
Definition
| in a pt with rheumatic heart disease |
|
|
Term
| s/s of rheumatic heart disease |
|
Definition
migratory joint pain: murmur
erythema marginatuem ( pink rings on trunk)
streptococcal infection prior to onset of symptoms: fever, chest pain, dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean to have host resistance |
|
Definition
| immune system - how well can the infection be fought off |
|
|
Term
| dx of rhuematic heart disease |
|
Definition
blood work - ASO titer (antistreptolysin-O)
positive throat cultures |
|
|
Term
| what is rheumatic heart disease |
|
Definition
| a childhood disease from Beta Hemolytic streptococci |
|
|
Term
| what can rheumatic heart disease result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will result if rheumatic heart disease is left untreated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the s/s of pericarditis |
|
Definition
| friction rub and muffled heart sounds |
|
|
Term
| how can a nurse tell is pericarditis is getting better |
|
Definition
| no longer hears the muffled heart sounds after pericardiocentesis |
|
|
Term
| what happens if a endocarditis fibrin breaks off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, redness, swelling, pus WBCs |
|
|
Term
what is bacterial endocarditis
tx |
|
Definition
a bacteria that attacks the inner muslce
antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| what sound will you hear with a regurgitation or swish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is cardiac tamponade |
|
Definition
| fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, fluid compresses the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Becks Triad: JVD, muffled heart sounds and paradoxical pulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Emergent Condition!
- Bedrest, eleveate HOB
- Monitor VS, lung sounds and ECG
- Administer O2
- prepair pt for surgery - informed consent
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O2
pericardiocentesis, pericardectomy
Anticoagulants
Inotropic drugs
IV fluids, transfusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart can not pump blood out - pump failure |
|
|
