Term
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Definition
| . Chronic is long term kidney damage that has taken place over years with possibly little to no symptoms until severe damage is done. Chronic has no cure. The causes of chronic or usually Diabetes and HTN. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute is life threatening and needs immediate medical attention to correct the underlying cause. It is usually reversible. |
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Term
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Definition
Stage 1: kidneys barely damaged, normal GFR ≥90. Can be treated as acute and reversible at this stage or at least slow progression
Stage 2: slight kidney damage, mild ↓GFR (60-89), detected by blood analysis or Xray
Stage 3: mod. ↓GFR 30-59; pt experiences discomfort & illness R/T kidneys not functioning well
(final stages):
Stage 4: severe ↓GFR 15-29; prepare for kidney replacement therapy or dialysis
Stage 5: kidney failure GFR <15; only options are transplant or dialysis |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
urinary |
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Definition
| Urinary: early stages no S/S. may develop fluid retention and develop anuria after on dialysis |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
metabolic |
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Definition
| Metabolic: ↑waste products (BUN) in system affect CNS & GI= N/V, fatigue, impaired thought processes, headaches; moderate hyperglycemia & hyperinsulinemia result from altered carb. Metabolism; elevated triglycerides (↑VLDL & ↓HDL) |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
electrolyte |
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Definition
| Electrolytes & acid base balance: Na retention from fluid retention, hyperkalemia from kidney’s not excreting well, metabolic acidosis from kidneys failing to excrete acid load and failing to reabsorb bicarbonate. |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
hematological |
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Definition
| Hematologic: anemia (↓ production of erythropoietin), bleeding tendencies(defect in platelet aggregation) & infection (chgs in leukocyte function) |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
cardio |
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Definition
| Cardiovascular( low GFR=↑ risk for CAD), higher risk for dysrhythmias from hyperkalemia & ↓ coronary artery profusion.- also retinopthy, encephalopathy & nephropathy.pericarditis, HF, HTN |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
Repiratory |
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Definition
| Repiratory: Kussmaul respirations from metabolic acidosis, dyspnea from fluid overload, pulmonary edema, pleurisy,pulmonary edema,pleural effusion, respiratory infections. |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
GI |
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Definition
| GI: inflammed mucosa so stomatitis, ulcerations, metallic taste, uremic fetor (bad breath); also anorexia, N/V, weight loss & malnutrition, GI bleeding, constipation |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
Neurologic |
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Definition
| Neurologic: CNS is depressed results in: lethargy, apathy, ↓ability to concentrate, fatigue, irritability & altered mental ability |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
skin |
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Definition
| Skin: Pruritus- from Ca-phos deposition in skin & sensory neuropathy |
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Term
s/s of chronic kidney disease
Psych |
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Definition
| Psych: personality & behavioral chgs R/T body image from edema, skin issues, access devices. Change in lifestyle from disease process and survival cause depression & anxiety. |
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Term
| Nursing response for pt on dialysis |
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Definition
| assess BP measure but never from arm with fistula, monitor weight, edema, lung & heart sounds. Take VS q 30-60 min. Watch for signs of muscle cramping, hypotension, hypertension, fluid loss, monitor skin color and integrity |
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Term
| diet for chronic Hemodialysis |
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Definition
Na+ will be restricted to 2-3g/ day
K+ will be restricted to 2-4g/day. So she should be taught to avoid foods high in salt and potassium including pickled foods, processed meats, beans, bananas, melons, chicken, potatoes, dark green leafy veggies. She should also be on a phosphate restriction since her kidneys are not eliminating efficiently. fluid restrictions to prevent edema. |
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Term
normal levels
WBC
RBC
Hgb
Hct
Platelets |
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Definition
WBC = 4.0-11.0
RBC= 3.8-5.1
Hgb= 11.7-15.5
Hct = 35-47
Platelets = 150-400 |
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Term
| diet for peritoneal dialysis |
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Definition
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