Term
| Primary (Essential) HTN etiology/pathogenesis |
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Definition
Unknown etiology, most commonm 90-95%
Generally asymptomatic & leads to many CV disorders
Increased afterload leads to increased workload of heart
Causes trauma to intima of blood vessels --> inflammation, healing, scarring |
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Term
| Primary (essential) HTN clinical manifestations |
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Definition
Decreased blood flow to other organs of body
Increased workload of heart leads to ischemia, CHF, & sudden death |
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Term
| Primary (essential) HTN treatment |
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Definition
Meds: decrease blood volume, vasodilators, decrease contractility
Lifestyle changes: weight loss, increase activity, low salt diet, alcohol moderation |
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Term
| Primary (essential) HTN modifiable risk factor: metabolic syndrome |
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Definition
Mainly abdominal obesity
Elevated circulating insulin & lipids
HTN
Obesity
Common in children now w/ 1 million adolescents affected
Men's waist should be <40; women's <35 |
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Term
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Definition
Artery stenosis, RF
Coarctation of aorta
Pheochromocytoma
Hyperthyroidism
Guillaine-Barre |
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Term
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Definition
Tumor of adrenal medulla; rare
Hypersecreting benign adenoma
Excessive release of catecholamines
Unexplained extreme HTN major sign
Remove tumor |
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Term
| Hypertensive Crisis (Malignant HTN) |
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Definition
Uncontrolled primary HTN
Life threatening elevation of BP & is often drug induced
Massive release of catecholamines
Sudden increase in BP
Treat w/ anti-HTN
Categories: Urgent & emergency - both have diastolic >120 mm HG, Emergency has sustained organ damage |
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Term
| HTN in elderly pathogenesis |
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Definition
Stiffening of aorta
Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
Decreased renal function |
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Term
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Definition
Meds started at lower doses: start low, go slow.
Polypharmacy is an issue --> more drug interactions |
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