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Carbohydrates ~
Questions on notes taken on carbohydrates and sugars in Honors Biology
41
Biology
9th Grade
10/20/2011

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Term
define monomer
Definition
A smaller chemical unit that makes up a polymer
Term
define polymer
Definition
Molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
Term
Define carbohydrate
Definition
A compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body.
Term
Define monosaccharide
Definition
a simple sugar molecule
Term
What 3 elements are present in Glucose?
Definition
C, H, O
Term
what are saccharides?
Definition
carbohydrates
Term
Why are carbohydrates important to the body?
Definition
provides energy for cells
Term
How many calories in one gram of carbohydrates?
Definition
4
Term
What do galactose, glucose, and fructose have in common?
Definition
molecular formula
Term
What is different between galactose, glucose, and fructose?
Definition
structural formula
Term
What type of sugar are maltose, lactose, and sucrose?
Definition
double sugar, or disaccharide
Term
What is the bond called that connects 2 glucose molecules to make a maltose?
Definition
glycosidic bond
Term
what type of sugar are galactose, glucose, and fructose?
Definition
simple sugar, or monosaccharide
Term
What reaction forms polymers?
Definition
dehydration synthesis, or condensation reaction
Term
What molecule is removed by chemical joining of sugar molecules?
Definition
water
Term
What reaction forms monomers?
Definition
hydrolysis
Term
what molecule do you add in hydrolysis?
Definition
water
Term
what are polysaccharides?
Definition
large sugars that consist of many glucose molecules joined together.
Term
what type of sugar is found in all carbohydrates?
Definition
monosaccharide
Term
What is the molecular formula for glucose, fructose, and galactose?
Definition
C6H12O6
Term
what is the molecular formula for maltose, sucrose, and lactose?
Definition
C12H22O11
Term
Where is glucose usually found?
Definition

in plants

in blood

Term
Where is fructose usually found?
Definition
in fruits, honey, root vegetables
Term
What is the sweetness level of sucrose?
Definition
100
Term
what is similar between cellulose, amylose, and glycogen?
Definition
they are polysaccharides
Term
Where is amylose usually found?
Definition
pasta, rice, potatoes
Term
Where is cellulose usually found?
Definition
plant cell walls
Term
where is glycogen usually found?
Definition
stored in the muscles, and liver for extra energy
Term
What monosaccharide are Amylose, Cellulose, and Glycogen made up of?
Definition
glucose
Term
What 2 simple sugars are added together to make maltose?
Definition
glucose + glucose
Term
What 2 sugars are added together to make sucrose?
Definition
Glucose + fructose
Term
What 2 sugars are added together to make lactose?
Definition
glucose + galactose
Term
How many calories are in a Calorie (kilocalorie)?
Definition
1000
Term
Define Calorie/kilocalorie
Definition
the amount of energy contained in foods
Term
Define calorie
Definition
the amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Term
How does your body get energy from food?
Definition
cellular respiration
Term
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Definition
the mitochondria of cells
Term
What is the formula that represents the chemical reaction that takes place during cellular respiration?
Definition
Sugar + O2 ----> CO2 + ATP (energy)
Term
What is a calorimeter?
Definition
a device that measures the amount of heat released when food is burned
Term
How many calories are in a pound?
Definition
3,500
Term
What is Chitin?
Definition
A type of sugar that is found in the hard exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans
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