tense the fascia lata, flex coxal joint and extend genual joint

aponeurotic insertion for thigh muscles

Origin: sacrotuberous ligament

Termination: third trochanter of the femur

Action: abduct the limb

Origin: gluteal surface of the ilium

Termination: greater trochanter of the femur.

Action: extend the coxal joint; abduct the limb.

Origin: sacrum and first caudal vertebra

Termination: greater trochanter

Action: extend the coxal joint

Origin: body of ilium and ischiatic spine

Termination: greater trochanter (deep to the middle gluteal m.)

Action: abduct the limb and extend the coxal joint

on the hip joint capsule

landmark for joint surgery

Termination: trochanteric fossa

Action: adduct and/or rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint

Termination: trochanteric fossa

Action: rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint

Termination: trochanteric fossa

Action: rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint

QUADRATUS means 4 sided (square or rectangular)

Termination: caudal femur near the trochanteric fossa

Action: extend coxal joint; adduct and/or rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint.

cranial aspect of the limb rotates out

counteracts the gluteals; keeps feet from toeing in

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

Termination: patella, tibia, and tuber calcanei

Action: extend the coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

genual joint: flexes with no weight; extends when weight bearing

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity

Termination: tibia and tuber calcanei

Action: extend the coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

Origin: on or near the ischiatic tuberosity

Termination: distal femur and proximal tibia(not as distal as other caudal mm)

Action: extend coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint

has cranial and caudal bellies in the dog only

Origin: crest of ilium

Termination: medial aspect of the genual region

Action: flex the coxal joint, extend (cr. belly) or flex (cd. belly) the genual joint

Origin: pelvic symphysis

Termination: medial aspect of the genual region

Action: adduct the limb, extend the coxal joint; flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

Origin: iliopubic eminence (prepubic tendon and cranial border of pubis)

Termination: distal body of femur

Action: adduct the limb

Origin: ventral surface of os coxae

Action: adduct the limb and extend the coxal joint

QUADRICEPS means 4 headed muscle

4 heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

Origin: rectus femoris, ilium; other three heads, proximal femur (patella)

Termination: tibial tuberosity

Action: flex the coxal joint (rectus femoris); extend the genual joint (all heads)

hot dog in a bun:

rectus femoris is the hot dog

v intermedius is the bottom

v med and lat is the sides

Origin: ilium (iliacus) and lumbar vertebrae (psoas major).

Termination: lesser trochanter

Action: flex the coxal joint

Origin: lateral aspect of proximal tibia

Termination: plantar base of metatarsal bones 1 and 2

Action: flex the tarsocrural joint and rotate paw laterally

sim to common dig extensor in thoracic limb

Origin: extensor fossa of femur

Termination: extensor processes of the distal phalanges

Action: extend the genual joint; flex the tarsocrural joint; extend the digital joints

Origin: on and near the proximal aspect of the fibula

Termination: lateral digits

Action: flex the tarsocrural joint; extend the digital joints

Origin: on or near lateral collateral ligament of the genual joint

Termination: fourth tarsal bone and plantar base of metatarsal bones

Action: flex the tarsocrural joint and rotate the paw medially

medial and lateral heads: each head has a sesamoid bone at the origin

Origin: distal caudal femur

Termination: tuber calcanei of the calcaneus (prox)

Action: flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

Origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur

Termination: tuber calcanei and bases of middle phalanges (dist)

Action: flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint; flex the digital joints

Origin: proximal caudal aspect of the tibia and fibula

Termination: flexor tubercle of distal phalanges

Action: extend the tarsocrural joint; flex the digital joints

Origin: popliteal fossa of the femur

Termination: proximal caudal aspect of tibia

Action: flex the genual joint

biceps femoris*

semitendinosus*

gracilis*

SDF

gastrocnemius

*combined tendon

gracilis

pectineus

adductor

(external obturator)

(quadratus femoris)

superficial gluteal

middle gluteal

deep gluteal

sartorius

rectus femoris

iliopsoas

(tensor faciae latae)

middle gluteal

deep gluteal

piriformis

quadratus femoris

biceps femoris

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

gracilis

adductor

sartorius (cd belly)

gracilis

biceps femoris - when not weight bearing

SDF

popliteus

gastrocnemius

sartorius (cr belly)

quadriceps femoris

biceps femoris - when bearing weight

long digital extensor

gastrocnemius

cranial tibial

long digital extensor

lateral digital extensor

peroneus longus

biceps femoris

semitendinosus

gracilis

gastrocnemius

SDF

DDF

long digital extensor

lateral digital extensor

superficial digital extensor

muscles of the pelvic limb which normally possess sesamoid bones

·         Quadriceps femoris (patella)

·         Gastrocnemius (fabella)

·         Popliteus

·         Biceps femoris

Describe the normal location and functions of the patella

·         Protects quadriceps femoris from being ruptured on genual joint

·         Sits in the trochlea of the femur

difference between the patellar ligament and the tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris m.?

no difference: patellar ligament is another name for the distal end of the tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris, goes from patella to tibial tuberosity

·         Crural extensor retinaculum

·         Cranial

·         Just proximal to tarsal joints

·         Long digital extensor muscle

·         Cranial tibial muscles

·         Tarsal extensor retinaculum

·         Cranial

·         At calcaneus

·         Long digital extensor

·         Tarsal flexor retinaculum

·         Plantar

·         At calcaneus

·         Lateral digital flexor

Identify the 2 ligaments associated with the coxal joint; describe the attachments and function of each.

·         Ligament of the femoral head

Acetabular fossa to fovea capitis

holds femur in place

·         Transverse Acetabular ligament

From one side of the acetabular notch to the other

Ventrocaudal part of acetabulum

deepens the acetabulum by forming a lip around it

.  In order for a coxal joint luxation to occur, what structure must be damaged?  If such a luxation were to occur, which direction would the proximal end of the femur typically migrate?  Why?

·         Ligament of the femoral head will be the one that is primarily damaged (will probably have some damage to the joint capsule as well)

·         Move cranial and dorsal due to pull of gluteals