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| (AD 117-181); Popular Greek orator in Roman Empire. Considered prime example of Second Sophistic |
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| (mid to late 4th Century); Roman historian and writer and friend of Julian |
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| (AD 256-336); Early Christian theologian. taught that Jesus was not eternal, and was subordinate to God (Arianism); Excommunicated by Bishop Alexander of Constantinople |
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| (Christian) practice of austere self-discipline, voluntary undertaken, in order to achieve a higher or spiritual ideal. |
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| (AD 214-275); successful 'soldier-emperor' that ended the Crisis of the Third Century. Re-united Rome in its entirety. |
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| (AD August 9, 378);Overwhelming victory of Germanic Tribes over Roman Army led by Emperor Valens |
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| (AD October 28,312);between the Roman Emperors Constantine I and Maxentius. Constantine won the battle and attributed his victory to the God of Christianity. |
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| (AD 186-218); the son of Emperor Septimius Severus. Proclaimed co-emperor with brother Geta when his father died. Later murdered Geta and his family. |
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| (AD 272-337); Great Roman Emperor that legalized and greatly helped spread Christianity in Empire. Responsible for Edict of Milan (313 AD); still supported pagan gods, and baptized close to death |
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| Greek Orthodox Christian city, lying in the most Christianised part of the Empire; Renamed by Constantine as capitol of Empire for geographical reasons |
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| Roman emperor from 337-371 AD;had non-christian family members killed. Was challenged by and later named Julian as Emperor |
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| (212 AD); Edict declared by Caracalla all free-born men of the Roman Empire were to be given full Roman citizenship and all free-born women of the Empire were given the same rights as Roman women were |
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| (AD 340 – 4 April 397), bishop of Milan was one of the most eminent bishops of the 4th century |
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| (AD 325); Constantine I called for first conference of bishops of the Christian Church to resolve disagreements in the Church of Alexandria over the nature of Jesus and God. |
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| Roman emperor (249 - 251);Early in 250, Decius issued the edict for the suppression of Christianity. Greatly persecuted Christians |
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| Roman Emperor (28 March 193-1 June 193); 'bought' thrown from Praetorian Guard after assassination of Pertinax. Ousted and executed by Septimius Severus |
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| Roman Emperor (AD 284-305); established Tetrarchy and essentially saved Empire for another 200 years. Many important economic, military, and social reforms; last persecution of Christians |
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| refused to accept the sacraments and spiritual authority of the priests and bishops who had fallen away from the faith during the persecution of Diocletian; considered heretics by Christian church |
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| Roman Emperor (AD 218-222); one of the most controversial Roman emperors. showed a disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos |
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| (AD 275 – May 30, 339); bishop of Caesarea in Palestine and is often referred to as the father of church history because of his work in recording the history of the early Christian church. |
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| Roman co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260. By himself 260-268. Won many military battles but unable to keep much of Empire from seceding |
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| English historian and member of Parliament; Wrote "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" in 6 volumes 1776 and 1788. It's well known for its quality, its use of primary sources, and its open denigration of organized religion. |
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| East Germanic Tribe forced into settling in Roman territory by the Huns. When treated poorly by the Romans, the Goths rebelled, winning the Battle of Adrianople. |
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| Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 383 and son of Valentinian I. Co-Emperor with his uncle, Valens (Eastern Emperor). Faced revolt by General Magnus Maximus. Captured and assassinated |
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| Theological or religious opinion opposite that of Catholic or Orthodox doctrine. |
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| Roman Emperor (361–363) of the Constantinian dynasty. The last Pagan Emperor. Grew up Christian, but studied with sophists and gradually came to oppose christianity. |
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| Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors" who governed the Roman Empire from 96 to 180, and is also considered one of the most important stoic philosophers. |
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| Emperor of Rome from 235-238. He was the first Barbarian (Thracian) Emperor of Rome. Murdered Septimius Severus. |
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| Issued in 301, Also referred to as the Edict of Diocletian. Taxation program that stated landowning citizens were required to pay a tax relative to their land's earning potential. |
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| Practiced in the Roman Empire (especially by soldiers), it was a mystery religion or cult worshipping the God, Mithras. |
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| A religion whose core beliefs and the religion's true nature is only revealed after one is initiated into its secrets. |
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| Translated literally to mean "Peace of the Gods". Pagan rituals and sacrifices kept the Gods happy and therefore disasters in the Roman Empire would not occur. |
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| in the ancient times an important city of central Syria. Location fought over numerous times by Sassanians and Romans. |
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| Considered a Saint. Was a Christian martyr killed by persecutions by Emperor Geta in 209. Her written account s the earliest surviving text written by a Christian woman. |
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| Emperor of the the short-lived Gallic Empire from 260-268. |
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| someone who acted as if he were an official magistrate. He could have all the powers of a consul, but was, in fact, a former consul whose term in office was prolonged |
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| A Christian Greek rhetorician, teacher, and good friend of Emperor Constans |
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| The color Purple distinguished individuals as royalty. Tetrarchys Diocletian, Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius I monopolized purple dye industry. made from snails, harvested in small towns. Emperors essentially turned those townspeople into slaves. |
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| a literary-historical term referring to the Greek showpiece orators who flourished from the reign of Nero until c.230 AD. IE-Favorinus |
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| A Roman General and Roman Emperor from 193-211. The first of a long line of military Emperors. Father of his successors, Caracalla and Geta |
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system of government where power is divided between four individuals. Instituted by Diocletian from 293-313.
Tetrarch Emperors = Diocletian, Maximinus, Constantius I, Galierus |
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| Spanish General appointed as Eastern Emperor by Gratian. Served as Roman Emperor from 379-395; Supporter of Valens and ruled along side Gratian and Valentinian II |
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| A Greek city in the Roman Empire serving as an important trade hub between Europe and Asia |
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| 310 - 383, bishop, missionary, and translator, was a Goth or half-Goth who had spent time inside the Byzantine Empire at a time when Arianism was dominant. Translated the bible from Greek to Gothic. |
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| Roman Emperor (364 - 378), after he was given the Eastern part of the empire by his brother Valentinian I |
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| Roman Emperor from 253 to 260; from a noble and senatorial family during 3rd Century Crisis in Rome. Named his son, Gallienus, co-emperor.Lost in battle to the Persians and only Roman Emperor ever taken captive |
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| she reigned as Queen of Palmyra and the Palmyrene Empire from 267 to 272 as regent for her infant son. |
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| Son of wealthy Egyptian landowners. Disliked intellectual education and chose basic education. Stated "Whoever therefore hath a sound mind hath not need of letters." Highlights different Christian way of view education. |
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