Term
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Definition
| The Complete absence of life |
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Definition
| Destruction of vegetative pathogens; usually inanimate objects |
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Definition
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Definition
| agents which prevent growth |
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Definition
| bacterial contamination and Growth |
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Definition
| Agent which destroys vegetative pathogens |
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Definition
| Lowering bacterial counts to safe public health levels- broad, ambiguous |
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Term
| Type of Heat: Steam Autoclave |
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Definition
| Moist heat under pressure: 121 C for 20 min |
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Term
| Types of Heat: pasteurization |
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Definition
| Moist heat not under pressure: 63 C for 30 min or 72 C for 15 sec |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry heat: 170 C for 2 hrs |
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Term
| Types of Heat: Chemiclave |
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Definition
| Heat and chemical vapor: 132 C for 20 min using 15 psi of alcohol/formaldehyde vapor |
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Term
| 2 basic ways that antimicrobial agents work |
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Definition
| alteration of cell walls or cytoplasmic membranes, interference w/protein and nucleic acid structures |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| semi-critical instruments |
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Definition
| pathogen free: in a colonoscopy, microbes are already there |
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Term
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Definition
| asceptic: on skin, ex. stethoscope |
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Term
| order of most resistant microbes to most susceptable |
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Definition
Prions
Coccidia
Spores
big gap
Mycobacteria
cysts
non-enveloped viruses
trophozoites
non-sporulating gram - bacteria
fungi
large non-enveloped viruses
non-sporulating gram positive bacteria
enveloped viruses |
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Term
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Definition
the best method for evaluating disinfectants and antiseptics
use Staph aureus, pseudomonas aureginosa and salmonella cholerasusis |
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Term
| physical methods of microbial control |
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Definition
exposure to heat extremes
exposure to cold extremes
desiccation (remove moisture)
filtration
osmotic pressure
radiation |
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Term
| heat related methods do what to cells? |
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Definition
denature proteins
interfere with integrity of cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall
disrupt nucleic acids |
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Term
| 4 methods of microbial control using moist heat |
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Definition
boiling
autoclaving
Pasteurization
Ultrahigh-Temperature Sterilization |
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Term
| moist or dry heat more effective? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can boiling sterilize? if not, what survives boiling? |
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Definition
| no. endospores, protozoan cysts, prions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Is pasteurization sterilization? |
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Definition
| no: heat tolerant and heat-loving microbes survive, but these normally aren't pathogenic and don't cause spoilage. |
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Term
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Definition
| sub group of dry heat, ultimate means of sterilization |
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Term
| differences between dry heat and moist heat |
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Definition
| dry heat: used when moist heat woud ruin materials and requires higher temps for longer time than moist heat (106 C for 2 hrs of 171 C for 1 hr. |
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Term
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Definition
| slows growth of most pathogens (not psychrophiles) |
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Definition
| halts growth of most pathogens (not psychrophiles), slow freezing is more effective that quick freezing, no liquid water available |
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Term
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Definition
| drying inhibits growth due to removal of water |
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Term
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Definition
| freeze-drying, used for long term preservation of cultures- it prevents formation of damaging ice crystals |
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Term
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Definition
| high concentrations of soutes inhibit growth through desiccation, fungi survive it best |
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Term
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Definition
| wavelengths < 1 nm. ex: electron beams, gamma rays, X-rays. Create ions by ejection electrons from atoms they strike, ions break DNA, can be used to sterilize |
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Term
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Definition
| effective at killing but do not penetrate well. |
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Term
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Definition
| penetrate well but takes hours to kill microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| take too much time to be practical for growth control |
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Term
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Definition
| wavelengths > 1 nm, UV mutates DNA, disinfects air, transparent fluids, and surfaces of object |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical method. intermediate to low level disinfectant. denatures proteins and disrupts cell membranes. effective in presence of organic matter. remain activated for long periods of time, commonly used in health care settings, labs, and homes, have a bad odor |
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Term
| what percent of ethyl alcohol is good on organic material? |
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Definition
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Definition
| chemical method. inermediate-level disinfectant, denatures proteins and disrupts cytoplasmic membrane, evaporates rapidly, good surface disinfectant, rapid, works against almost every vegetative |
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Term
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Definition
intermediate-level disinfectant
damage enzymes by oxidation or denaturing them, ex: iodine, chlorine, chloramine, bromine, bleach |
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Term
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Definition
ex: peroxides, ozone, peracetic acid
high level disinfectants |
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Term
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Definition
can sterilize and disinfect
can't use on open wounds bc catalase neutralizes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| effective sporicide: used to sterilize equipment |
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Definition
reduce surface tension of solvents to make them more effective at dissolving solutes
ex: soaps, detergents, quats |
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Term
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Definition
| have hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends; good degerming agents, not antimicrobial |
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Term
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Definition
| positively charged organic surfactants |
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Term
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Definition
low level disinfectant
colorless, tasteless, harmless to humans, antimicrobial |
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Term
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Definition
low-level bacteriaostatic/ fungistatic agents
ions that alter shape of proteins
ex:
use in babies' eyes 1% silver nitrate -> no blindness from N. gonorrhoeae
use copper to prevent algae growth
Thimerosal used to preserve vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
have -CHO terminal group
denatures proteins and inactivates nucleic acids
ex: Gluteraldehyde, Formalin |
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Term
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Definition
| disinfects (short exposure), sterilizes (long esposure) |
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Term
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Definition
| used in embalming, and disinfecting rooms and instruments |
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Term
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Definition
used in closed chambers to sterilize them
denatures proteins and DNA
can be hazardous to ppl |
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Term
| development of resistat microbes |
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Definition
| no data behind avoiding antimicrobial agents |
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Term
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Definition
how long they stay in the air depends on particles they're riding
barrier HEPA filters
air sampling: anderson sampler is similar to human lungs |
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Term
| what kind of masks are better? |
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Definition
| tie-on filter over pre-formed cup |
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Term
| best antimicrobial handwash |
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Definition
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Term
| best countertop disinfectant |
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Definition
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Term
| best thing to mop floor with |
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Definition
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Term
| best thing to disinfect semicritical instruments |
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Definition
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Term
| best thing to sterilize plastics |
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Definition
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| best thing to sterilize scopes |
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Definition
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