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BY 409 Mammalian Physiology Test 2
Test 2
210
Biology
Undergraduate 4
09/30/2009

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Cards

Term
What is the CNS made up of?
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
T.F. the brain and spinal cord are only protected by bone?
Definition

False

they are protected by the bone and membranes called meninges.

Term
What are the 3 membranes (meninges) that protect the brain and spinal cord and give details?
Definition

1. Dura Mater (tough mother): outer most membrane which contains blood sinuses

 

2. Arachnoid Mater: middle layer, is highly vascularized, and has a web-like apperance

 

3. Pia Mater: innermost layer, is also highly vascularized, attaches to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, attaches to every ridge and valley.

Term
T.F. the brain doesnt contain pain receptors.
Definition
True
Term
TF headaches are due to pain within the brain
Definition

False

the brain doesnt have pain receptors, so the headaches can be caused by inflammation of the meninges or with inflammation or abnormal dilation/constriction of the blood vessels associated with the brain, scalp, and meninges

Term
What is meningitis?
Definition
inflammation of the meninges due to an infection
Term

TF viral meningitis is more severe than bacterial meningitis

 

Definition

False

bacterial meningitis is more SEVERE

Term
What is the most common meningitis due to?
Definition
Viral infection
Term
What is the CSF?
Definition

1. Cerebral spinal fluid

 

2. clear, watery fluid that contains the same constituents as plasma, but in different concentrations

Term

What are the 2 spaces where the CSF fills?

 

Definition

1. It fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater

 

2. it fills in the spaces of the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Term

TF CSF fills the space between pia mater and dura mater

 

Definition

False

It fills the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater

Term
Where is the CSF formed?
Definition
ventricles of the brain from blood
Term
Describe the pathway of CSF
Definition
It is formed in the ventricles of the brain from blood -> circulates around CNS -> reabsorbed by blood
Term
TF the total volume of CSF in the CNS is 12-15mL
Definition

False

the total volume of CSF in CNS at any given time is 125-150 mL

Term
What happens when you have excess CSF?
Definition

Two things can happen:

 

1. During development, excess CSF can lead to hydrocephalus

 

2. In infants < 2 years of age, it can lead to the enlargement of the skull

Term
TF CSF is protective and nourishing for the CNS tissues
Definition
true
Term
Why do we need CSF?
Definition

1. It acts as a cushion of water, so that the brain floats in the CSF

- it effectively reduces brain weight by 97%

- it acts as a shock absorber

 

2. It helps exchange materials between the brain interstitial fluid and blood

- CSF freely exchanges material with the brain interstitial fluid

Term
What is the blood-brain barrier formed from?
Definition
It is formed from the endothelial cells of the capillary walls of the brain
Term
TF the blood-brain barrier is formed by schwann cells
Definition

False

The blood-brain barrier is formed by astrocyte glial cells and from endothelial cells of capillary walls of the brain

Term
TF endothelial cells do not have tight junctions between them
Definition

False

Endothelial cells do have tight junctions between them

- materials must pass THRU the cells not BETWEEN the cells

Term
What is the function of endothelial cells?
Definition

1. it regulates what gets into the ECF of the brain and spinal cord

 

2. It regulates ions, glucose, amino acids, and proteins

Term
TF blood brain barrier protects ALL regions of the CNS
Definition

False

there are some regions of the CNS that arent protected by the BBB.

Term
What is not protected by the blood brain barrier?
Definition

1. Region of the hypothalamus

- hypothalamus is important for monitoring substances in the blood

- for example, it monitors hormone levels in the blood

- capillaries in this region of the hypothalamus do not have tight junctions

Term
TF Blood brain barrier is associated with Huntingtons Disease
Definition

False

It is associated with Parkinsons Disease

Term
TF blood brain barrier makes it difficult for some medicine to get thru the brain
Definition
True
Term
How does Blood Brain barrier affect Parkinson's patients?
Definition

the BBB makes it difficult for some medicine to get thru the brain

 

- Parkinson's patients are treated with L-dopa rather than dopamine, because L-dopa can get past the BBB and dopamine cant

 

-L-dopa is converted into dopamine in the brain

Term

What needs a steady flow of blood ?

 

Definition

Brain

- the CNS needs a steady flow of blood than any other tissue in the body

Term
Why do you need a steady flow of blood?
Definition

-Because the CNS (brain) needs a constant supply of:

 

1. Oxygen

 

2. Glucose

Term
TF Neurons in the CNS are independent of aerobic metabolism
Definition

False

Neurons in the CNS are dependent on aerobic metabolism

Term
Why does the brain need a constant supply of glucose?
Definition

1. neurons in the CNS dont store glycogen

 

2. Brain uses glucose as an energy source rather than fats and proteins

 

Term
What is the example of why the brain needs a constant supply of glucose?
Definition

Diabetics and insulin shock

 

- Insulin shock can result in increased excitability of the CNS and seizures

- results from decreased levels of glucose in the blood after taking an insulin shot

- insulin stimulates the mvmt of glucose into body cells, so there is a low level of glucose in the blood

- now there is not enough glucose in the blood to support the brain.

Term
What causes a stroke?
Definition
Loss of blood flow to an area of the brain.
Term
TF Dalton is a deuterome
Definition

True

he lacked green cones

Term
Describe how you get the loss of blood flow to the brain leading to a stroke
Definition

1. A brain Blood vessel ruptures or has a blood clot, thus forming a blood clot

 

2. Tissue in the area is deprived of blood, which can lead to tissue damage due to lack of glucose and oxygen

Term
What are the two examples of pathology related to blood flow in the CNS?
Definition

1. Stroke

2. TIA

Term
What does TIA stand for?
Definition
Transient Ischemia Attack
Term
TF in TIA you have permanent damage to the CNS
Definition

False

it can result in slurred speech or blurred vision, but there is no apparent damage to the CNS

Term
What happens during TIA?
Definition

a. there is a brief blockage of blood flow to the brain

 

b. it's referred to as a "mini stroke"

 

c. it can be indicative of more serious problems, but not always

Term
TF Ischemia refers to the decrease or lack of blood flow
Definition
True
Term
What is the spinal cord made up of?
Definition
31 subdivisions/segments
Term
TF One pair of spinal nerves extend from each segment
Definition
True
Term
TF There is a total of 62 pairs of spinal nerves extending from the 31 segments of the spinal cord
Definition

False

There are a total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves extending from each segment

 

RMR: only one 1 pair of spinal nerves extends from each segment

 

so: 31 segments = 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Term
TF Spinal nerves are formed from Ventral and Dorsal roots
Definition
True
Term
What type of information do spinal nerves carry?
Definition
Sensory and motor information
Term
TF Spinal nerves recieve motor input from particular areas
Definition

False

they recieve SENSORY input

Term
What are dermatomes
Definition
skin areas that are covered by a pair of spinal nerves
Term
TF Spinal nerves carry information to and from internal organs
Definition
true
Term
When pain is associated with internal organs, what does it manifest itself to and what does it correspond to?
Definition

1. Manifest's itself to "referred pain"

2. corresponds to dermatome of a specific region

Term
What is an example of referred pain?
Definition
Heart attack causes pain sensation in the left arm and chest
Term
TF Phantom Pain and Referred Pain are related
Definition

False

Referred pain is not to be confused with phantom pain

 

Phantom Pain is a pain sensation from a limb that has been amputated

 

Referred pain is a pain sensation that corresponds to a dermatome of a specific region

Term
TF the vertebral column is shorter than the spinal cord
Definition

False

spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column

Term
Where does the spinal cord end?
Definition
T12-L2 region
Term
What fills the vertebral canal, cauda equina
Definition
spinal nerves
Term

What does cauda equina mean?

 

Definition
horses tail
Term
Where is the location of lumbar punctures (spinal taps)?
Definition
It is performed in the cauda equina
Term
Why are spinal taps performed?
Definition

1. To remove a sample of fluid, which can be indicative of an infection or disease (ex: meningitis or MS)

 

2. to inject anesthetics

Term
How are the regions of the brain organized?
Definition

- they are organized from lower to higher brain centers

 

- they go from the primitive to more advanced regions

Term
What are the 3 regions of the brain?
Definition

1. Brainstem

2. Cerebelllum

3. Forebrain

 

** Must be in this order, b/c they are organized from primitive to most advanced regions, so the brainstem is primitive and the forebrain is the most advanced region

Term
TF the medulla, pons, and midbrain make up the brainstem
Definition
True
Term

What is the forebrain made up?

Give specific examples

Definition

a. Diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus)

b. cerebrum (basal nuclei and cerebral cortex)

Term
What are the four characteristics of the brainstem?
Definition

1. it contains the medulla, pons, and midbrain

2. it is the origin of most cranial nerves

3. it is involved in the initial processing of info from teh spinal cord

4. it is an important autonomic control center

Term
TF the brainstem controls many of of lifes basic functions including cardiovasular, respiratory, and reproductive control centers
Definition

False

it is the digestive control center, not the reproductive control center

Term
What are the 3 functions of the brainstem?
Definition

1. controls the basic life sustaining functions

2. it regulates many muscle reflexes involved in normal equilibrium and posture

3. it is also involved in the arousal and activation of higher brain centers

Term
What is the reticular activating center?
Definition
It is a diffuse/network of neurons thruout the brainstem that controls the arousal of the cortex (ie cortial alertness)
Term
TF General anesthetics act by stimulating the activity of RAS
Definition

False

They act by suppressing the activity of RAS

Term
TF The brainstem doesnt contain the REM center
Definition

False

It does contain the REM center

Term
What are the 6 functions of the cerebellum?
Definition

1. It is involved in the subconscious control of motor activity including coordination and planning of skilled voluntary mvmts

 

2. it compares inteded mvmt and actual mvmt

 

3. It continually monitors and adjust mvmts. w/o directly controlling  (innervating) the muscle

 

4. it is also involved in monitoring muscles used for speaking

 

5. it is also imp. in controlling eye mvmts

 

6. it is also imp. in the maintanence of balance

Term

What does the  motor cortex do?

 

How does it work with the cerebellum?

Definition

a. the motor cortex of the cerebral cortex initiates the voluntary mvmts.

 

b. the cerebellum is informed by the cortex of what mvmts are needed, the cerebellum monitors the mvmts (via proprioreceptors) and then tells the cortex what adjustments to make

Term
TF Vestibulo-ocular reflex deals with the mvmt of the eyes when the head remains stationary
Definition

False

it deals with the mvmt of the eyes when the head IS MOVING

Term
TF VOR allows the eyes to stay fixed on a object 
Definition
True
Term
In VOR, what is the head mvmt detected by?
Definition
Vestibular apparatus
Term
what is the vestibular apparatus?
Definition

organs of balance : semicircular canals and otolith organs

 

Term
TF when the cerebellum maintains balance, it recieves input from the spinal cord
Definition

False

It recieves input from the vestibular apparatus, which is your organs of balance

Term
What results when damage (via a stroke) occurs on the cerebellum?
Definition

It results in difficulties in:

a. muscle mvmts

b. speech

c. abnormal eye mvmts

Term
How does alcohol affect the cerebellum?
Definition

a. it causes unsteady mvmts

b. slurred speech

Term
Lecture 9
Definition
 :)
Term
What are the 2 characteristics of the hypothalamus?
Definition

1. it is a collection of specific nuclei which located ABOVE the pituitary  and BELOW the thalamus

 

2. it receives inputs from wide variety of regions of teh PNS, CNS, and Limbic system

Term
What is the limbic system for?
Definition
basic emotions
Term

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

Part 1

Definition

1. It is the control center for the autonomic nervous system

 

2. it controls homeostatic functions

 

3. it helps coordinate physiological and behavioral functions

Term

Hypothalamus functions

part 2

 

Definition

4. it controls reproduction and reproductive cycle

5. its involved in childbirth and ejection of milk from mammary glands

5. it controls basic emotions and behavior (ex. reproductive)

6. it is the linker btwn nervous sys. and endocrine sys.

7. it controls the release of hormones by anterior pituitary

8. it produces hormones release by teh posterior pitiutary

Term
TF Hypothalamus is involved in all Endocrine functions
Definition

False

It is involved in some, but not ALL

Term
TF nuclei refers to white matter, which includes dendrites, cell bodies, and some axons
Definition

False

It refers to GRAY MATTER

Term
What is the thalamus made up of?
Definition
mass of gray matter located in the center of the brain
Term
TF The thalamus acts as a "relay station" for motor information going to the cortex
Definition

False

It acts as a relay station for SENSORY info going to the cortex

Term
TF Almost all sensory info. must pass thru the thalamus before reaching the cortex
Definition
True
Term
TF The hypothalamus projects sensory information to areas of hte cortex
Definition

False

the THALAMUS projects sensory info to areas of the cortex

Term
Thalamus ____a._________ ___b.______ info before relaying it to the cortex
Definition

a. screens

b. sensory

Term
TF the thalamus has NOTHING to do with voluntary motor activity
Definition

False

the thalamus to a LESSER EXTENT controls voluntary motor activity

Term
What is the cerebrum made up of?
Definition
Basal nuclei and cerebral cortex
Term
TF  The basal nuclei are large groups of white matter located subcortical
Definition

False

the basal nuclei are large groups of gray matter that are located subcortical

Term
TF the basal nuceli are not part of the cerebrum
Definition

False

They are part of the cerebrum, their gray matter is located deep within the cerebral white matter, so they are part of the cerebrum

Term
What are the 3 functions of the basal nuclei?
Definition

1. learning

2. emotions

3. communicating with the cortex to coordinate voluntary mvmts

Term
TF The basal nuclei directly innervates the muscles
Definition

False,

it doesnt innervate the muscle, it communicates with the cortex to coordinate mvmts

Term
TF The basal nuclei maintains unwanted motor activity and inhibits wanted motor activity
Definition

False

The BN maintains wanted motor activity

It inhibits unwanted motor activity

Term
What are the3 things that the BN inhibits?
Definition

1. unwanted motor activity

2. unwanted mvmts

3. muscle tone

Term
TF The two diseases associated with BN are Parkinsons disease and MS
Definition

False

1. parkinsons disease

2. huntingtons disease

Term
TF Huntingtons disease is caused by a degeneration of GABA neurons
Definition
True
Term
where does the degeneration of GABA neurons occur?
Definition
caudate nucleus and putamen (both are basal ganglia)
Term
What results when there is a degenration of GABA neurons in Huntingtons disease?
Definition
It results in the loss of inhibitory control over motor functions which results in spasmodic mvmts of the arm, leg and face
Term
TF In Parkinsons Disease, there is a loss of Dopammine neurons in the substantia nigra
Definition
True
Term
TF The axons of the substantia nigra extend into the caudate nucleus and putamen
Definition
True
Term
What happens when you have a loss of dopamine neurons?
Definition
It results in a decreased amount of dopamine released into the synapses of the putamen and caudate nucleus
Term
__________________ is the basal nuclei that caudate nucleus and putamen communicate with
Definition
globus pallidus
Term
TF loss of Dopamine neurons decrease basal nuceli activity
Definition

False

Loss of dopamine increases basal nuclei activity

Term

TF Increased BN activity leads to an increase in inhibition of motor activity

 

**Answer is in detail**

Definition

True

there is going to be an increase in inhibition of motor activity which will result in rigidity and difficulties in mvmt and speech

Term
TF Cerebral cortex is the most advanced portion of the brain
Definition
True
Term
What is the cerebral cortex involved in?
Definition

Sensory perception

Control of motor mvmts

Language

Personality

Sophisticated mental events (higher thinking)

Self consciousness

Memory

 

Sally couldnt like Pete so she murdered him

Term

What are the 4 sophisticated mental events associated with teh CC?

 

**CC = cerebral cortex

Definition

higher level thinking

analysis

decision making

creativity

Term
TF The CC is composed of inner gray matter and outer white matter
Definition

False

It is composed of OUTER gray matter and INNER white matter

Term
What is the gray matter composed of?
Definition

- densely packed neurons (dendrites and cell bodies)

 

- glial cells

Term
______a.____ covers the inner shell, which is the _____b.________
Definition

a. gray matter

b. white matter

Term
TF gray matter is the outer shell of the CC
Definition
True
Term
TF White matter is composed of bundles/tracts of unmyelinated axons
Definition

False

it is composed of MYELINATED AXONS

Term
What are the four regions of the CC?
Definition

1. occiptial lobe

2. parietal lobe

3. temporal lobe

4. frontal lobe

Term
What does the Occiptial lobe contain?
Definition

a. primary visual cortex

b. association areas for recognizing shapes and faces

Term
What does the Temporal lobe contain?
Definition

1. primary auditory and olfactory cortex

2. contains association areas for sounds and smell

3. imp. in the process of memory storage

Term

What does the Frontal lobe contain?

 

Definition

1. involved in Mvmts (primary motor cortex and premotor cortex)

2. personality traits

3. decision making

4. higher level thinking

 

My pritam digs hot men!!

 

5. contains association areas which recieve and integrate info. from multiple areas of the brain

6. it is imp. in Working/scratchpad memory

Term
TF The prefrontal lobe is the posterior portion of the frontal lobe
Definition

False

it is the anterior portion of the frontal lobe

Term
TF association areas are contained in teh Prefrontal lobe
Definition
true
Term
What does the prefrontal lobe involved in?
Definition

1. planning voluntary motor act.

2. evaluating consequences for future actions

3. personality traits

4. social behavior

Term
What is prefrontal lobotomy used to treat?
Definition
schizophrenia
Term
What occurs during prefrontal lobotomy?
Definition

- decreased aggression

- decreased ambition

- motor function and language comphrension are retained

- inability to solve complex problems

-inability to conduct elaborate thought

- altered personality traits

Term
TF the connections to the prefrontal lobe would be sever
Definition
true
Term
TF psychiatrists and MDs were FOR this procedure
Definition

False

They opposed this procedure

Term
This prefrontal lobotomy was replaced by_____________
Definition
drug therapy
Term
The CC has dominant cerebral hemispheres, what are these due to ?
Definition
areas that are involved in language
Term
TF the 2 areas associated with language are: Wernikes area and Brocas area
Definition
True
Term
TF Wernickes area is located at the junc. of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobe
Definition

False

It is located at the junction of the PARIETAL, TEMPORAL AND OCCIPITAL lobe

Term

What are the 3 functions of WA?

 

**WA = wernickes area

Definition

1. used for interpretation of language (both spoken and written)

2. recieves and interprets info from other cortical regions (its an association center)

3. most important part of the brain for basic INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONS

Term
Why is WA the most imp. part of hte brain for intellectual funcs.
Definition
b/c intellectual funcs. are language based and WA is involved in language
Term
Damage to WA causes:
Definition
- loss of basic intellectual funcs. such as language, reading, and math
Term
TF Dyslexia means color blindness
Definition

False

It means word blindness

Term
TF In dyslexia a person is able to read words but cannot interpret them
Definition
true
Term
Why does dyslexia occur?
Definition
it can occur if words arent transffered correctly to WA
Term
Where is Broca's area located?
Definition
located in the front of the lower portion of the frontal lobe near the lower portion of the primary motor cortex
Term
TF Broca's area is needed to say words
Definition
true
Term
Why is broca's area needed?
Definition
in order to speak a language
Term
TF A word originates and is spoken in Broca's area
Definition

False

A word originates in WA

then transferred to BA, where the word is spoken

 

Term
Damage to BA results in:
Definition

- difficulty speaking

-speech is slow and poorly articulated

 

Term
TF WA and BA develop in two cerebral hemispheres
Definition

False

they only develop in one cerebral hemisphere

Term
TF When BA is damaged, speech comprehension is NORMAL
Definition

True

A person can understand a sentence but has difficulty repeating it

Term
WA and BA develop in the ______________
Definition
dominant cerebral hemisphere
Term
TF 95% of the ppl have a dominant right cerebral hemisphere
Definition

False

The dominant one is the LEFT hemisphere

 

Term
TF motor areas controlling hands are also dominant in one cerebal hemisphere
Definition
True
Term
TF 90% of the people are left handed
Definition

False

90% of ppl are rt. handed

Term
The location (rt. and left) and programming of these dominant areas appear to be ______a.______ in _____b.______ and _______c.______ after ______d.______
Definition

a. plastic

b. early life

c. more permanent

d. early teenage years

Term
TF Damage to the cerebral areas associated with language, the functions will be shifted to the other cerebral hemisphere in mid teens and older people
Definition

False

the functions will be shifted to the other cerebral hemisphere in children UNDER 10 and not in MIDTEENS AND OLDER PPL

Term
TF When you have one cerebral hemishphere that is dominant, only the DOMINANT hemisphere is active
Definition

False

BOTH hemispheres are Active

Term
What are the two concepts regarding Dominant cerebral hemispheres?
Definition

1. Two areas involved in language (WA and BA)

2. The cerebral hemisphere has been hypothesized to exhibit specialization in specific functions

Term
TF The left cerebral hemisphere is associated with visual concepts
Definition

False

It is associated with "analytical thinkng"

Term
What is the left cerebral hemisphere better at?
Definition

-logic

-analysis

-math

-language skills

Term
TF The right hemisphere is better at visual and spatial skills
Definition
True
Term
The left or right hemisphere is associated with recognizing faces?
Definition
Right hemisphere
Term
TF The right hemisphere is associated with "analytical thinking"
Definition

False

Its associated with CREATIVE THINKING

Term
TF The right hemisphere is better at nonlanguage skills such as: art, music, and spatial skills
Definition
True
Term
TF Damage to the right hemisphere can make it difficult for a person to be able to draw
Definition

False

Damage to the right hemisphere can make it difficult for a person to read a map and find their way arnd a city

Term
The rt. and left hemispheres communicate via ____________
Definition
Corpus callosum
Term
TF corpus callosum is composed of 30 million axons
Definition

False

composed of 300 million axons

Term
What are the 2 functions of the corpus callosum?
Definition

1. It allows info to be exchanged btwn the 2 hemispheres

 

2. it allows one hemisphere to access info from ano. hemisphere

Term
In severe epilepsy, what part of the brain was cut?
Definition
corpus callosum
Term
TF The corpus callosum was cut during severe epilepsy to alleviate symptoms
Definition
True
Term
What happened when the corpus callosum was cut?
Definition
It resulted in two separate conscious portions of the brain
Term
TF studies of patients with split brains DID NOT prove the hypothesis that each part of the hemisphere specialized in certain tasks
Definition

False

It DID PROVE the hypothesis

Term
The case of Phineas Gage dealt with:
Definition
the relationship of the frontal lobe and personality
Term
TF when Gage's frontal lobe was pierced, he lost motor, sensory, intelletual capabilities
Definition

False

His personality was altered

He did nto lost any of those capabilities

Term
Lecture 10
Definition
:-D
Term
Regions of the cortex such as the somatosensory and somatomotor cortex are ____________________________
Definition
Somatotopically mapped
Term
TF Regions of the body are rep. in specific regions of hte cortex
Definition
true
Term
TF If a region of the body contains lots of sensory receptors, its going to occupy a larger area of the somatomotor cortex
Definition

false

Its going to occupy a large area of the SOMATOSENSORY cortex in teh somatopic map

Term
TF somatopic map is a distorted map
Definition
true
Term
What is phantom pain
Definition
refers to percieved pain sensation due to an amputated limb
Term
TF when a limb is amputated, the neural network of the limb is not present in teh CNS and somatotopic map
Definition

false

the neural ntwrk IS present

Term
TF Mapping of the cortex can vary a lot btwn an indv. and a map
Definition

False

mapping of the cortex varies SLIGHTLY btwn the indv. and map

Term
What is the limbic system?
Definition
It is a general term used to describe a group of brain regions that includes the forebrain, portions of the basal nuclei and cortex, and thalamus and hypothalamus
Term
TF The limbic system represents the most primitive portion of the mammalian forebrain
Definition
true
Term
TF limbic system deals with basic emotions
Definition
true
Term
list the basic emotions it deals with
Definition

- fear

-anger

-rage

-depression

-aggression

-laughter

- crying

-blushing

Term
TF The limbic system is only responsible for basic emotions
Definition

False

it is resp. for basic emotions and MOTIVATION

Term
Motivation is______________
Definition
goal directed behavior
Term
TF In the limbic system you will not find reward and punishment centers
Definition

False

they are present in the limbic sys

Term

What are the four things the limbic syst. is responsible for

 

Definition

1. basic emotions

2. motivation

3. sexual drive and sexual behavior

4. basic urges and homeostatic drives

Term
TF The thalamus contains centers for feeding and satiation
Definition

False

the HYPOTHALAMUS contains these centers

 

Term
TF Your sleep/wake cycle is your circadian rhythm
Definition
true
Term
TF Circadian rhythm in humans is exactly 24 hrs.
Definition

False

It is slight > 24 hrs

Term
What is the daily rhythm reset by?
Definition
env. stimuli
Term
TF it is easy to change your circadian rhythm when you travel
Definition

false

it is harder

Term
TF circadian rhythm is controlled by the thalamus
Definition

False

it is controlled by the SCN of the hypothalamus

Term
Where is hte SCN located?
Definition
part of the hypothalamus, above the optic chiasma
Term
TF SCN is your internal biological clock
Definition
True
Term
what are the 3 areas involved with daily rhythm?
Definition

RAS (reticular activation sys.)

REM sleep (brainstem)

Slow wave sleep center (cerebrum)

Term
TF Sleep is not an active process
Definition

False

it is an active process

Term
What stimulates sleep
Definition
sleep centers in teh brain
Term
TF during sleep a person moves from alpha waves to theta waves
Definition

False

the person moves from beta waves (active state) to alpha waves (drowsy state)

Term
TF the slowest and deepest sleep is "slow delta wave sleep"
Definition
true
Term
TF cortical neurons fire neurons independently when a person falls asleep
Definition

False

they fire neurons in synchrony

there is a transition from firing neurons ind. to firing them in synchrony

Term
TF A person will gradually pass from one sleep stage to another once thruout the nite
Definition

false

pass from one stage to another SEVERAL times thruout the ntie

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