Details Title: BUS 302 Description: Final Cross Cultural Management Total Flash Cards: 116 Created: 06/01/2009 11:16:10		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional International Studies Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Johannes van den Bosch Sends an Email Definition How will Pablo react to the message that he receives? Why was he not emailing the company back? Miss communication between the two. Term Inside Story: Family Firms Still Rule Definition Family firms could be the reason why the economies of Latin America are doing poorly. It is interesting how something like a family oriented culture could affect the financial system of a country. Term Business: Still Keeping It in the Family; Business in Mexico Definition It is interesting that in Mexico as well as Latin American countries the families are the only groups that can be trusted. It seems due to corruption the people have lost trust in other institutions and because of this the family is their best means to turn to. Term In China’s Offices, Foreign Colleagues Get and Earful Definition There is obviously going to be very different differences between the two cultures. In China co-workers are very close, loud and can come across rude when they aren’t but in the same way Americans can do the same. Term Green Opium Addiction Definition I find this article to be amusing how differently Chinese golf players are. It is interesting that the difference in status is amplified to such an extent out on the golf course. I wonder if the etiquette will change any time soon over there. Term E-mail is Easy to Write (and to Misread) Definition I think that in such a global society we take advantage of the internet but it is true how so many different things can be misinterpreted through email. It is in itself a different culture that we are all trying to figure out. It is hard because we only have the text that we are reading not physical movements or tones. Term Japanese Workers Get Word From On High: Drop Formality Definition For many years in Japan seniority in any institution or organization has been associated with different names representing status. Much of the time the older you were the higher status you had. It is interesting to see that seniority is now associated with performance and this has created several problems for many businesses. Term Is a Salaryman Without a Suit Like Sushi Without the Rice Definition I think it is very interesting that there would be laws that told individuals what they cannot wear during the summer months. I understand why in that culture differing from the traditional black suit would be harmful. For it would increase individuality, anti professionalism and difference from past notions. This may be helpful for the future but it will be very difficult in the present. Term A Jolt to Team Japan: Bonus Demands Definition Although Japan is a collective culture the idea of bonuses seems to be growing. Individuals feel that if they help out the company in a substantial way they are entitled to more. They have even moved across country. Term Terror in the Skies, Again? Definition It is sad to see that those who experienced 9/11 will have this notion in their mind about people of Arab race sitting on planes together due to their evoked set. Term Driving Change: How Japan’s Second-Hand Cars Make Their Way to the Third World Definition I think it is interesting how the Japanese culture does not value second hand cars. Because of this they are prime exporters into developing nations. Term The Basics: Why Arab Men Hold Hands Definition The distance between the sexes in Arab countries has lead to this value. It actually represents equality and sincerity between two men. It's a sign of solidarity and kinship. Term Cases: David Shorter Definition Bob’s “hybrid” culture makes “mapping” difficult Mike’s “little knowledge” was a “dangerous thing” Importance of “fit” between corporate culture and personal culture matters for careers “Mental realities” (evoked sets) underlie perceptions and expectations Different communication “scripts” can lead to conflict and misunderstanding Intermediaries may bridge cultural differences in communication style Term Pacific Aisles: Wal-Mart's Foray Into Japan Definition I did not know how difficult it is to open a business in Japan. I think that the Japanese are very used to what they have been doing and are not willing to accept this new westernized giant there. Also the fact that competition is so fierce and rapidly evolving is very interesting as well. Term Japanese Find a Forum to Vent Most-Secret Feelings Definition This article is interesting in that it shows a different side to the Japanese people. The only way for these individuals to truly express themselves is masked on the internet. The use of observing this site for both safety and business reasons seems very important in this changing society. Term Business: A Complaint is a Gift; Bad Service Definition The fact that Brits do not give feedback or grumble per say about service is very interesting. I can see how service in Britain may suffer due to the lack of complaints that can be corrected upon. Term The Americas: The Price of Lateness; Ecuadorean Time Definition This country that doesn't seem to do well with promptness due to their cultural ideals on a more relaxed attitude to time has started to show in their economy. They have lost a substantial amount of money because of their "its okay to be late" attitudes. So now this movement seems to be working to help with being more efficient with time. Term Europe Blames Weaker US Laws for Spam Surge Definition I think that it is interesting that so much spam originates in the US... over 70%. I am sure that the fact that there are not as many laws in the US regarding spam allow for this to occur. Term Case: Moscow Areostar Definition Why are the individuals not motivated to work? What will motivate them? Term Give Me Liberty, But Not Too Much: This is Russia Definition I was surprised to find out that Russians don’t seem to value the idea of democracy. They seem to be fine with the idea of repression for the most part and with Putin whom they like, they seem to be loosing even more freedom Term Slowly, Home Loans Catch on in Russia Definition It is interesting to see just how cautious Russians are in the banking industry. They would go to their family before the bank for a loan. Term A Word to Finns: For Your Own Good, Blow Your Top Definition Finish individuals do not express anger as it is seen as infantile. They hold a lot in and are willing to bear a lot of pain. It is interesting because it is attributed to the Cold War Era. Term Japan’s Neglected Resource: Female Workers Definition It is sad that in Japan women have to choose between mothering and having a career. They have no help and look down on women in the workplace. Term Japanese Companies Woo Women Back to Work Definition I think that in order to keep up with their rapidly growing economy and growing number of jobs it is necessary that they try to get women in the workforce. I think this company is being very smart. Term Why, in Vietnam, Women are at Top of Corporate Heap Definition Due to the war in Vietnam women have gained a much higher status in society and can be heads of companies. Term Case 17: Blue Ridge Spain Definition What led to the deterioration of the joint venture between the two companies? What were the main issues that were mentioned? Term Is Spain too Localized Definition This article simply states that decentralized values in Spain are affecting business relations. Term Japan Learns Dreaded Task of Jury Duty Definition I think it is interesting that they are trying to implement a jury system in Japan. It seems to work well in the US because individuals there can speak up against each other and we try to win through our arguments. In Japan they are a group oriented culture and speaking out is not something that they are accustomed to. They value harmony and silence rather than the commotion of a jury deliberation. Term Foreign Investors Change Their Fight Path in Japan Definition Stock investors are playing a much larger role in the corporation these days due to the economy. Term Case 14: Global Multi-Products Chile Definition Thompson Style Shared authority, empowerment (PD) Risk taking (UA) Long-term strategic view (LTO) Chile culture Isolation, lack of trust, no sense of team Ascriptive, status conscious, titles; formal & serious Short-term thinking Polite & indirect Workaholic (8 am to 8 pm) Polychronic; erratic punctuality & scheduling Term Chile: The Rich Kid on the Block Definition I think it is interesting that Chile is being resented for its accomplishments. I think the other countries of Latin America who seem to be suffering should look at Chile and use it as an example. The fact that the country is trying to integrate its trade into a global market is great. Term Business: Land of the Rising Sums; M&A in Japan Definition Japan is now becoming more open to mergers and acquisitions. This is allowing them to not fall more into debt. However, selling a firm still is problematic in that it is seen as a failure which goes against Japanese culture. Also many Japanese see that they only have one job and they do not move from institution to institution. Term Special Report: Trying to Get the Right Balance: International Law Firms Definition While American law firms are highly profitable Europe’s have an immense global strategy. There seems to be a prediction for the merging of the two in the near future. Term Business Insight: Follow the Leaders Definition This article talks about how many leaders can be beneficial in an organization. However there are a few cultural aspects that should be considered including individualistic vs collective, centralized and decentralized and aggressive vs nurturing. Term How to Rein in the Imperial CEO Definition I can’t believe that 65% of fortune 500 firms have chairman/CEO’s. It is interesting to see that Europe has separated these roles and America is now following them. Rather than one person having extreme powers they can be held accountable through separate functions. Term John Kotter’s 8 Phases of Change Definition Establish sense of urgency Create a coalition or guiding team Develop a clear vision Share the vision Empower people to clear obstacles Secure short-term wins Consolidate and keep moving Anchor the change Term 6 Approaches to Change Definition Education & communication Participation & involvement Facilitation & support Negotiation & agreement Manipulation & co-option Implicit & explicit coercion Term The Medium is the Message(Marshall McLuhan) Definition Low(email, handwritten, telephone, video conference, face to face) high Term Masculine Cultures Definition High gender role differentiation Large value gap between men and women Male values: achievement, control, power, monetary rewards, conflict, aggressiveness Term Feminine Cultures Definition Low role differentiation Small value gap Feminine Values: quality of work and life, relationships, job security, work/family balance, compromise/negotiation Term Masculinity High/Lows Definition High- Slovakia Low- Sweden Term Empowerment Definition Presence in workforce Opportunity: occupations and salaries Representation in decision making Educational attainment Health and well being Term Most Empowered/Least Empowered Definition Most: Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Finland Least: Egypt, Turkey, Pakistan, Jordan, Korea Term Monarchical Succession Definition Japan- Male only (salic) Spain/UK- Male preference primogeniture Netherlands/Norway- Eldest first Term Religion and Gender Definition Segregation- Islam and Judaism Ordination- Vatican Ban on women as preists Term Widow Inheritance Definition Women must marry a late husbands brother Term Child Brides Definition 1 in 7 girls in developing world marries before age 15 Settle disputes, debts Valued for labor, sex, children and assured virginity Term Widows in India Definition Shunned when husbands die Cant remarry Cannot wear jewelery Must shave heads and wear white Term Honor Killings and Suicides Definition Indecent Behavior- Being raped, consensual sex, wearing a short skirt: dishonor to family -Sons obligation to family to erase stain Term Sworn Virgins Definition Kanun code of conduct limits role of women Male head of house dies with no male heir, daughter vows virginity and takes male role (dress and live like a man) Term Aspects of Space Definition Physical: Status and Power, Relationships, Comfort Zones, Activities Personal: Privacy Zones, Life Spaces Term Spacial Implications for International Business Definition -Office Arrangements -Physical Closeness -Conversational Distance -Communication Flow Term Life Spaces "Kurt Lewin" Definition Life Spaces: Size, Segmentation, Accessibility ---Public: work, social ---Private: Family German- all one American- seperate Term Neutral-Collectivist Definition Restrained Objective Detached Instrumental Relationships Conceal Emotions(Emotions mean inability to cope) Self Control Politeness Monotone- Oriental Conversational Turn taking Term Affective Definition Express emotions Combativeness Emotions mean interest Gesturing/Touching Tonal variations (Latin) Interruption Term Interpreting Emotion Definition Japan- eyes US- mouth Term Conversational Style Definition -Expressive overlap -Reserved turn-taking -Japanese intervals of silence Term "Language arranges the furniture of the mind" Definition Edward Hall, The Silent Language Term Individualism Definition Focus on Self Self Interest Numerous but loose relationships Independence Emphashsi on rights US High 91 Guatamala Low 6 Term Collectivism Definition Identity from membership Group interests Few but strong relationships Harmony, Solidarity Emphasis on duties Ban of hate speech to protect harmony (isreal and france) Term Globe Collectivism Definition Ingroup- The degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty and cohesiveness in their organizations or families Institutional- The degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action Term Origins of Individualism Definition Wealth- Per capita GNP History- Immigration Geography- Moderate and Cold climates, higher altitudes Pathogens- Encourage collectivism for self preservation (equator) Term Individualism Expressions Definition Limited Government Market Competition Employment Contract Solo Decision Guilt, Self Respect Low context Charismatic Leaders Self Actualization What do you know Love Marriages Term Collectivist Expressions Definition Activist Government Industrial groups Employeement Family Cosensus Decisions Shame, Face High Context Paternal Leaders Harmony, Consensus Who do you know Arranged Marriages Term HR in India Definition Recruiting: Family Job Security: Seek Career Development: Boss to take responsibility Performance Eval: Legalistic, Confrontational Motivation: Appeal to personal loyalty, company prestige, authority and relationships Term Karoshi Gung Ho Definition Japan- Death by overwork (legally recognized) open ended commitments to company free overtime Trust: Bow is bond (reputation and relationships) Group Shaming and Shunning Conflict resolution through accommodation Family name first Term Xiao Shun (filial piety) in China Definition Children's obligation to parents- Care in old age Term Collectivism and medicine Definition Seek tranquil joy Calming medication Social stigma- Keep cancer a secret in China Communal bathing Term South Korea and Adoption Definition Family Bloodlines important therefor reluctance to adopt Term Diffused Definition Relationships with whole person Little separation of work and private life Interest overlap is normal Authority, status, and face radiate across spheres Relationships precede business HIGH CONTEXT Term Specific Definition Relationships limited to specific life spaces Private life separate from work Conflicts of interest are prohibited Authority and status confined to spheres Do business with strangers LOW CONTEXT Term Privacy and Personal Life in China Definition Chinese word for privacy: Yinsi (imply illicit secrets and selfish) Not much personal space No separation between work and personal life Term Specific V Diffused Implications for International Business Definition Deference to authority outside of work Conflicts of interest Personal and work life Privacy Zones Corporate Takeovers Directness and Criticism Employee mobility and multiple bonds Term Time Definition Orientation/Focus- Past, Present, Future Horizon- Long term v Short term Uses- Monochronic v Polychronic Term Orientation of Time Definition Past- Japan China France Past as benchmark, suspicion of change, adherence to precedent Present: US Australia Immediate results, get job done Future: Long range consequences, planning, saving, deferred gratification Term Time Horizon Definition Short Term: Oriented to past and present, quick results, spending, gratification (Canada) Long Term: Oriented to future rewards, perseverance, thrift (china) Term Uses of Time Definition Rigid: Monochronic time is scarce resource punctuality, deadlines, agendas, linear, one thing at a time, sequential, no interruptions, task Fluid: Polychronic Organic flowing process, relationships, flexible, multi tasking, interruptions, Sioux have no word for time Term Language as artifact Definition -Indonesian: verb tense is optional (time) -Slavic suffix for women (gender differentiation) -Collectivist cultures verbal abuse directed to group -Pronoun drop to DEEMPHASIZE individual ti amo -Penan People- Six words for we -Japan- Multiple 1PS pronouns that index social roles -Moscow Aerostar- No word for serrvice Term Dimensions of Organizations Definition Goals/Purposes: task v relationship profit v market share Hierarchy/Structure: Steep v Flat Sources and distribution of power Rules: Many v Few Explicit v Implicit Employee/Firm Relationship: Temporary v Long Term Scope (Narrow v Broad) Term UK Definition Low UA Low PD Term Africa/Asia Definition Low UA High PD Term Germany (well oiled machine) Definition High UA Low PD Term France Definition High UA High PD Term Corporate Images Definition Incubator- Fulfillment oriented culture Guided Missile- Project oriented culture Family- Person oriented culture Eiffel Tower- Role oriented culture Term "The Family" Definition Heirarchical (father as head) Diffused Authority Discomfort with shared authority Relationships Nepotism High COntext Term "The Eiffel Tower" Definition Steep Heirarchy Task and structure Bureaucratic devision of labot Contractual Term "The Incubator" Definition Authority structure Minimal heirarchy Little structure Individualistic Passion trumps rules Term "The Guided Missile" Definition Authority from expertise Teams/Project work Goal driven Performance orientation temporary duration Term Corporate Governance in Japan Definition Low levels of M&A's mistrust in outsiders Cross shareholdings Term Diversity Definition Social Distance: Arise from social identity (nationality, religion, ethnicity, race, profession, class, age, gender) Social identity creates underlying thoughts and behaviors Term Benefits of Cultural Diversity Definition Alignment with markets Diverse perspectives Expand pool of employee talent Satisfy legal requirements Contribute to equity and social progress Term "Diversity Trumps Ability" Definition Scott Page Term Problem Solving Definition Perspectives: How people see things Heuristics: How people search for solutions Term Cognitive Diversity Definition Increases number of solutions Term Identity Based Diversity Definition The experiential basis for cognitive diversity Term Challenges of Diversity Definition Defensiveness: Different is dangerous Misscommunication: Lost in translation Conflicting Preferences: Culture clash Term "Diversity... brings out the turtle in all of us" Definition Robert Putnam Term Cognitive Barriers Definition Stereotypes: Self Fullfilling Prophecy -Ethnocentrism -Evoked Set -Confirmation Bias Cognitive Dissonance Term Stereotypes Definition Auto stereotypes (us) Hetero stereotypes (them) Grow through: media, family, friends, personal experiences, ethnocentrism, critical incidents (evoked set 9/11) Impact: Selective perception (Confirmation Bias, Cognitive Dissonanace), Self Fulfilling Prophecy (Pygmalion Effect) Term Assumptions Definition Unquestioned Beliefs Based on experience Assumptions underlie behavior Term Dynamics of Meaning Definition Perception: -Selective Viewing: ignore things not there -Confirmation Bias: see what you believe -Evoked set Attribution: - Silence=disinterest Evaluation: -Confers judgement Term Cognitive Dissonance Definition Coping with an inconvenient truth -Denial, rationalization, self justification Term Confirmation Bias Definition Selective Perception to confirm beliefs Term Expectancy Theory Definition Pygmalion Effect Self Fulfilling Prophecy Term Ethnocentrism Definition Self serving Bias Your place on map Equate differences with right and wrong Term Self Reference Criteria Definition Assume others are more like us than they really are Term Model of High Performance Definition Map>Bridge>Integrate Term Managing Diversity Definition DONT ASSIMILATE OR SEGREGATE DO INCORPORATE Term Culture is.... Definition a normal distribution and reflects shared challenges Term Negotiation Strategies Distributive v Integrative Definition Distibutive: Win lose outcomes Zero sum Opposed interests Interest maximization Secrecy, Deception, Positioning Integrative: Win Win Bake a bigger pie Divergent interests Mutual Gain Information sharing, deferred positions Term Elements of communication Definition Body Language 55% Voice Tone 38% Words 7% Term "The essence of effective cross cultural communication has more to do with releasing the right responses than with sending the right messages" Definition Edward Hall Term Low Context Communication Definition Verbal, literal Blunt, direct= honesty Vague= untrustworthy Precision low protocol slow info flow Term High Context Communication Definition Reliance on context direct=rude indirect=respect seek harmony protocol, rituals open wide communication networks rapid info flow Term "The medium is the message" Definition Marshall McLuhan Term Body language Definition Proxemics: spacial behavior Haptics: Touch Oculesics: Eye behavior Kinesics: Body movement