Term
| 1st Degree Burn: AKA, Characteristics, Duration |
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Definition
-AKA: superficial partial thickness
-epidermis only
-pink, red, painful
-3-5 days, no scarring |
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Term
| 2nd Degree Burn (less severe): AKA, Characteristics, Duration |
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Definition
-AKA: moderate partial thickness
-involves epidermis and upper 1/3 of dermis
-red, pink
-wet, blistered
-heals in 2-6 weeks
-minimal scarring |
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Term
| 2nd Degree Burn (more severe):AKA, Characteristics, Duration |
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Definition
-AKA: deep partial thickness
-epidermis and most of dermis
-red with white center
-blanches
-large blisters, skin is pale and waxy with edema
-proteins cause yellow appearance
-areas of decreased pain as well as areas of intense pain
-14-21 days or longer |
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Term
| 3rd Degree Burn: AKA, Characteristics |
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Definition
-AKA: full thickness
-all layers plus fat, muscle, bone
-leathery, red, white, brown, black
-no sensation or pain at deepest areas but pain receptors alive elsewhere! |
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Term
| Local response to burn (at cellular level) |
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Definition
-acute inflammation
-damaged tissues and macrophages release cellular enzymes and vasoactive substances (histamine)
-vascular permeability is altered
-fluid shifts to extravascular space even in burn of <25%
-Burns >25%, edema in burned and unburned areas |
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Term
| What happens to the GI system? |
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Definition
-becomes hyperacidic
-stress ulcers (curlings ulcer)
-ischemic bowel, ileus
-+OB |
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Term
| What happens to the kidneys? |
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Definition
-GFR decreases
-dead cells are released, myoglobinuria
-kidneys fail, cannot handle this |
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Term
| What happens to heart and vasculature? |
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Definition
-CO decreases= decreased tissure perfusion
-fluid is leaking/shifting, K+ leaks out of cells
-vasoconstriction can lead to ischemia, clotting, blood loss
-*hypovolemic shock* |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Carbon Monoxide: displaces O2 on hemoglobin, this leads to SOB, resp. distress and ciliary damage
2. Smoke- inhaling combustable products
3. Thermal- rare, steam |
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Term
| What happens to the immune system? |
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Definition
-capillary leakage impairsactive components of the immune system (T & B cells)
-serum immunoglobulins and serum proteins remain very low placing the patient in a state of acquired immunideficiency
-pt at high risk for infection up to 4 weeks after injury, can lead to death |
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Term
|
Definition
-first 3 days
-manifested by decreased O2 consumption, fluid imbalance, shock, and inadequate circulatory volume |
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Term
|
Definition
-adequate burn resuscitation
-characterized by: increased cellular activity,protein catabolism, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis.
-BMR reaches twice the normal rate
-body weight and heat drop d/t hypermetabolism
-become hyperglycemic d/t gluconeogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| overgrowth of dermal tissue that remains within the boundaries of the wound |
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Term
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Definition
| scar that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound |
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Term
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Definition
| scar shrinks and becomes fixed and inelastic, permanent shortening of the connective tissue |
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