A

ROSS, BRIAN, and RICHARD ESPOSITO. "CIA's Harsh Interrogation Techniques Described - ABC News." ABCNews.com - Breaking news, politics, online news, world news, feature stories, celebrity interviews and more - ABC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/Investigation/story?id=1322866>.

Present Day

Enhanced interrogation is argued to be actually torture just saying it more politically correct.

There are six distinct methods that progressively get worse

1.  The Attention Grab: The interrogator forcefully grabs the shirt front of the prisoner and shakes him.

2.Attention Slap: An open-handed slap aimed at causing pain and triggering fear.

Present Day Con.

3. The Belly Slap: A hard open-handed slap to the stomach. The aim is to cause pain, but not internal injury. Doctors consulted advised against using a punch, which could cause lasting internal damage.

4. Long Time Standing: This technique is described as among the most effective. Prisoners are forced to stand, handcuffed and with their feet shackled to an eye bolt in the floor for more than 40 hours. Exhaustion and sleep deprivation are effective in yielding confessions.

Present Day Con.

5. The Cold Cell: The prisoner is left to stand naked in a cell kept near 50 degrees. Throughout the time in the cell the prisoner is doused with cold water.

6. Water Boarding: The prisoner is bound to an inclined board, feet raised and head slightly below the feet. Cellophane is wrapped over the prisoner's face and water is poured over him. Unavoidably, the gag reflex kicks in and a terrifying fear of drowning leads to almost instant pleas to bring the treatment to a halt.

Water Boarding-

Water boarding in some people's opinion is actually torture because it makes a person THINK they are dying causing extreme mental stress. However it has been proven that is causes no pyhsical pain.

"According to the sources, CIA officers who subjected themselves to the water boarding technique lasted an average of 14 seconds before caving in. They said al Qaeda's toughest prisoner, Khalid Sheik Mohammed, won the admiration of interrogators when he was able to last between two and two-and-a-half minutes before begging to confess."

B

Washington Post. "Torture Policy ." washingtonpost.com - nation, world, technology and Washington area news and headlines. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A44849-2004Jun15.html>.

Newspaper Reports of Torture

Reports of torture happening in prisons at Guantanamo were found to be unconstitutional and simply morally wrong so congress banned those methods.

Then the methods were taken to Iraq and no one really knowed what was legal or not. Then in 2004 it was taken to the senate and those methods were made illegal.

Methods used-

Sicking dogs on the prisoners

Stripping them of their clothes and having them dance

Forcing men to wear women's underwear

Stress positions and hooded beatings

C

Abney, Sam . "U.S. Torture policy - News/Features." The Orbis. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://media.www.vanderbiltorbis.com/media/storage/paper983/news/2009/03/23/Newsfeatures/U.s-Torture.Policy-3679438.shtml>.

Enhanced Interrogation-

2002 President Bush redefinded torture and gave it a methods new name

"Enhanced Interrogation"

What Justifies it..."The most common defense of these techniques on grounds that they are necessary to obtain information that will save innocent lives has never been demonstrated, whatever one thinks of its theoretical merits"

Response to torture....

The goverment now does not look up it in any aspect vs. middle ages when it was no big deal.

"our government is outrage rather than approval and defense of such tactics,"

Political Issues

President Obama spoke of wanting to charge bush with war crimes in the International Criminal Court at the Hague for the torture he used here and in Iraq but seeing as the U.S. refuses to make a full commiment to the court he can not press charges

D

 Head, Tom. "History of Torture in the United States - Timeline History of Torture in the United States." Civil Liberties at About.com - Your Guide to Civil Liberties News and Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2010. <http://civilliberty.about.com/od/lawenforcementterrorism/tp/History-of-Torture-Timeline.htm>.

Reforms

2003 offically called illegal

the United States "doesn't torture, and isn't going to torture." George Bush

 Torture is, an established part of U.S. history dating back to pre-Revolutionary times. The terms "tarring and feathering" and "run out of town on a rail," both refer to torture methods that were practiced by Anglo-American colonists.

1692

Salem Witch trials mostly executions but if a prisoner refused to plea guilty most commonly large boulders would be placed on their chests while lying on sharp rocks until they confessed or suffocated

1789

The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that defendants have the right to remain silent and may not be forced to testify against themselves, while the Eighth Amendment prohibits the use of cruel and unusual punishment. Neither of these amendments were applied to the states until the twentieth century.

1847

Torture of slaves or African Americans became very common and no one protested it.

Common Methods-

whipping, prolonged restraint, and "smoking," or the prolonged imprisonment of a slave inside a sealed shed with a burning substance (usually tobacco).

1903

President Theodore Roosevelt defends U.S. military use of water torture against Filipino detainees, arguing that "nobody was seriously damaged."

1963

The CIA distributes the KUBARK Interrogation Manual, an 128-page guide to interrogation that includes multiple references to torture techniques. The manual was used by the CIA for decades, and was used as part of the curriculum to train U.S.

1995

Presidents began to ship prisoners out of the country so that torture would be legal.

The term is called "extraordinary rendition," or transfer, of non-citizen prisoners

2004

A CBS News 60 Minutes II report releases images and testimony pertaining to the abuse of prisoners by U.S. military personnel at Abu Ghraib Detention Facility in Baghdad, Iraq. The scandal, documented by graphic photographs, calls attention to the widespread problem of post-9/11 torture.

Torture rates doubled after 9/11 in the United States

E

"Torture Through The Ages." Frances Farmers Revenge. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2010. <http://www.francesfarmersrevenge

 Types of Torture-

Physical, The breaking of bones, manipulation or mutilation of a person's body, and the application of flames or other implements of punishment were the main forms of recognized torture.

There is a common debate that this is the only type of torture that actually exists.

psychological torture-

In the Spanish Inquisition, inquisitors would show the implements of torture to potential victims to scare them into submission. This form of psychological torture was known as the Second Degree In more modern times, psychological torture has all but replaced physical torture. Time in jail, for example, is often more paralyzing than many forms of physical torture.

 Water boarding has is often called psychological torture but still wrong and vice versa

Begining

Torture has been a part of out history since the beginging.

The first legal codes to mention it was called the Natural Law.

the law of survival and of group dictated human activity and crime and punishment. The law of primitive humans used exile for punishing major offenses. Alone in the wilderness, the person would most assuredly meet an untimely death. Punishment was thus the removal of crimnals from society.

Middle Ages

In many cultures, religious sacrifices were precursors to torture. The early European codes were usually based on the principle of Lex Talionis, the idea of an eye for an eye. Punishment for crimes should be similar to the offense. This was the Law of Hammurabi, written around 2,000 BC

Roman torture

Public displays such as stoning and crucifixion were used mainly to deter other criminals. Early Roman rulers were actually quite humane. Julius Caesar only tortured his conquered enemies but this all changed as time went on.

Roman Torture Con.

The first Roman gladiatorial contest started in 264 BC as a match of man against man. Eventually, this turned into a full slaughter. When prisoners could not be found for the games, slaves would be used. These games would involve, more often than not, starving victims being torn to pieces by savage animals.

Punishments-

Frequently, amputation of hands, feet, and genitalia was used as a punishment for sexual offenders.Also, during this time period there was some torture used for religious persecution. Christian leaders forced conversion of others with the application of torture. During this time period, burning at the stake, drowning, and suffocation were common tortures

F

Alexander, Mathew . "Torture's Loopholes." New York Times 12 Jan. 2010: 1. Print.

Report of American Soldier

"Americans can now boast that they no longer "torture" detainees, but they cannot say that detainees are not abused, or even that their treatment meets the minimum standards of humane treatment mandated by the Geneva Conventions, the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005"

Report Con.

Army Field Manual used over seas in training how to treat prisoners an appendix to the manual allows the military to keep a detainee in "separation -- solitary confinement -- indefinitely. It requires only that a general approve any extension after 30 days. "

The Army Field Manual also does not explicitly prohibit stress positions, putting detainees into close confinement or environmental manipulation (other than hypothermia and "heat injury"). The manual also allows limiting detainees to just four hours of sleep in 24 hours.

"The Field Manual, to its credit, calls for "all captured and detained personnel, regardless of status" to be "treated humanely." But when it comes to the specifics the manual contradicts itself, allowing actions that no right-thinking person could consider humane. "