1. Dwelling in Tushita
2. Descent from Heaven
3. Entrance into Womb 
4. Miraculous Birth
5. Skill at Worldly Arts 
6. Life of Pleasure
7. Great Departure
8. Asceticism
9. Triumph over Mara
10. Enlightenment
11. First Sermon
12. Parinirvana 

• Born as prince of the Shakya clan 
• At age 29, departed the palace on quest for salvation - spent 6 years as shramana
• Attained enlightenment and lived out his days preaching

• Buddha is told by the gods to descend from heaven and take birth
• Upon birth, Siddhartha takes 7 steps and proclaims future enlightenment

• Elderly man (old age)
• Sick person (disease)
• Corpse (death)
• Shramana (taking life of salvation) 

• Siddhartha leaves wife Yashodhara and son Rahula
• Renoucnces the world by cutting off his hair 

• 6 years of asceticism and forest dwelling - said to have eaten a few grains of rice per day
• Shown the middle way by Sujata's rice milk offering

1. Lust - Daughters of Mara
2. Fear - Army of Mara
3. Doubt - Mara himself 

• Calls on the earth as witness to his right to attain enlightenment

3 Watches of the Night

1. Recollection of past lives
2. Casting divine eye across cosmos
3. Penetrating truth of causation

• "Setting in motion the wheel of dharma" (Sanskrit) 

1. Association with the unpleasant
2. Dissociation from the plesant
3. Not to recieve what one desires

1. Craving for sense pleasure
2. Craving for existence
3. Craving for non-existence (self-annihilation)

• "Verses of the way" 

1. Realm of Gods and Heavenly Beings
2. Realm of Titans (asura)
3. The Hell Ream
4. Realm of Hungry Ghosts 
5. The Animal Realm 
6. The Human Realm

• Monk - "beggar, mendicant, one who begs alms" 

• Nun

1. To eat only food given as alms
2. To dress in rags
3. To live under trees
4. To use cow urine as medicine

• Monastery ("solitary place")

• Monastic Code (regulates monastic life)

• Lay Man 

• Lay woman 

Types of Meditation: Shamatha

(And what does it "cultivate?")

• Calm abiding - one-pointedness, concentration
• Cultivation of: concentration and meditative absorption

Types of Meditation: Vipashyna

(And what does it give "insight" into?)

• Insight - penetrates nature of reality
• Insight into: 4 noble truths, 3 marks of existence, dependent arising

• Images that contain symbols of the Buddha, not depictions of him in human form
• Ex: footprints, the wheel of dharma, a bodhi tree, an empty throne

• Images of the Buddha in human form 

• "Final Nirvana" - an event and a teaching of impermanence 

• If the Buddha is worthy of veneration because he has transcended samsara, then he is not available to recieve offerings
• If he is available to recieve offerings, then he has not attained nirvana is is therefore not worth of veneration

• Reenacts night of Buddha's nirvana
• Chanting of pirit scriptures
• Monks/laity hold thread
• "Charge" image with "fiery energy" of Buddha's achieved realization
• Instructing the image
• Opening the eyes "enlivens image" - performed at dawn

Concept: Merit Making 

Define: dana

• Gives alms or offerings to "field of merit" 
• Intention determines the power of merit - simple offerings can make great merit
• Dana = generosity 

• Unified India 
• Conquered Kalinga --> felt remorse and converted to Buddhism 
• Collected relics of the Buddha and divided them around his empire 

• "Wheel turning king"
• Should have religious and worldly aims 
• Should be a protector of Buddhism and prosperity of kingdom

• Righteous monarch 

• "School of elders" 

• Represends a womb
• Dome containing relics

• Pole/spire - symbolizes Buddha's ascension
• Parasol - emblem of kingship

• 4 gates at cardinal directions
• Circumambulatory route at base

• Priest, or ritual elite 

• Revealed scripture or sruti
• "What is heard" 

• Esoteric teachings 

• Wanderers, ascetics
• One who strives for spiritual knowledge 

• Individual liberation

• "Appearances are illusion"

• The first life (past stories of the Buddha)

• Buddha to be

• Tales of the Buddha-to-be 
• past lives of the Buddha 

• Buddha of a previous eon
• Gautama Buddha put his hair down for Dipankara to walk over

• Sage of the Shakya Clan 

• The "Blessed One" 

• The one who is "thus gone"

• The Buddha of this eon 
• Sage of Shakyamuni clan

• Capital of Shakya kingdom 

• Acts of the Buddha - book
• 2nd century CE

• King of Shakya clan 
• Father of Gautama Buddha

• Queen of Shakya clan 
• Mother of Gautama Buddha

• Buddha's Aunt/Step Mother
• Raised Gautama Buddha

• Wife of Gautama Buddha

• Son of Gautama Buddha

• God of death 

• Offers Buddha rice milk, helps him understand importance of Middle Way

• Between asceticism and indulgence 

• Awakening 

• "The awakened one"

• "To extinguish" 

• Siddhartha's birthplace

• Site of enlightenment 

• First sermon in Deer Park

• Buddha's place of death and Parinirvana 

• Teacher of the noble path 

• The teachings of the path 

• Monastic community
• Role models that can help provide a formula for the path 

• Physical body

• Body of teachings 

• Buddha + Dharma + Sangha = 3 Jewels 

• Buddhist scripture, "pithy discourse" 
• Begin: "Thus have I heard..."  

• "Collections" of sutras in the Pali Canon

1. At Rajagriha, 3 month after Buddha died
2. At Vasali, 100 years later
3. At Pataliputra, 3rd c. BCE

1. Sutra (discourses)
2. Vinaya (monastic code)
3. Abhidharma (further teachings) 

• "The noble truth of suffering" 
• Birth, aging, sickness, death = suffering 
• Our life cycle is characterized by suffering

• "The noble truth of the origin of suffering" 
• Craving = source of suffering
• Craving for sense pleasure, existence, and non existence 

• "The noble truth of the cessation of suffering"
• Relinquishing craving, liberating oneself from craving 

• "The noble truth of the path leading to the cessation of suffering" 
• The noble 8-fold path 

• Craving

• Suffering

• Impermanence 

• No-self 

• Duhkha (suffering)
• Anitya (impermanence) 
• Anatman (no-self) 

Define: Prajna (noble 8-fold path)

Name: parts in path (2) 

• "Knowledge" 
• Right View
• Right Intention 

Define: Shila

Name: 3 parts in 8-fold path 

• "Conduct"
• Right Speech
• Right Action
• Right Livelihood

Define: Samadhi

Name: 3 parts in 8-fold path 

• "Meditation"
• Right Effort
• Right Mindfulness
• Right Concentration

• Aggregates that make up our notion of "self"

1. Form - physical world, the body
2. Sensations - pleasure, pain, neutral
3. Perceptions - classifications of sensory stimuli
4. Formations - thoughts, intentions, emotions
5. Consciousness 

• "Wheel of existence" 

• "Dependent origination" 

1. Ignorance - blind grandmother
2. Formation - potter's wheel
3. Consciousness - monkey
4. Name/form - man in boat
5. 6 senses - house w/ 6 windows
6. Contact - married couple
7. Feeling - man w/ arrow in eye
8. Craving - man drinks milk/honey
9. Grasping - gathering fruit
10. Becoming - couple making love
11. Birth - woman giving birth
12. Decay/death - corpse 

• The lord of death - holds the wheel of existence 

Define: Klesha

Name: Klesha's place on wheel of existence

• Affliction, negative emotion
• Innermost circle on wheel 

Define: Karma

Name: Karma's place on wheel of existence

• Literally "action" 
• Circle #2 (inner) on the wheel of existence

Define: Phala

Name: Phala's place on wheel of existence

• Result 
• Outermost circle on wheel of existence

• Literally "to wander through, undergo transmigration" 

1. No killing
2. No stealing
3. No sexual misconduct
4. No lying
5. No sowing discord
6. No harsh speech
7. No idle chatter
8. No covetousness
9. No harmful thoughts 
10. No wrong view

1. Intention
2. Execution
3. Completion
4. Rejoicing

• Physical world, the body

• Feelings of pleasure, pain, or neutral 

• Classifications of sensory stimuli 

• Thoughts, intentions, emotions 

• Rooster = Passion
• Snake = Aggression 
• Sow = Ignorance 

Define: Palladium of State

Name: 3 Important Palladium of State

• A relic that is supposed to protect a kingdom

1. Tooth Relic in Kandy 
2. Emerald Buddha in Bangkok
3. Jowo Shakyamuni in Lhasa 

• Light = positive deeds --> ascends
• Dark = negative deeds --> descends 

• Higher = Gods, Titans, Humans
• Lower = Hungry ghosts, animals, various hells

• Boudhanath Stupa in Kathmandu
• Eyes point in the 4 cardinal directions to represent Buddha's watchful eye 
• Represents the seated body of the Buddha

• Stupa at Borodudur
• Massive terrace topped with 6 tiers

• Stupa at Sanchi
• Has Vessantara jataka on gate ways - gates point in cardinal directions

• Palladium of State: Tooth relic at Kandy

• Palladium of State: Emerald Buddha in Bangkok

• Palladium of State: Jowo Shakyamuni in Lhasa