Between bone and dura mater:

Blood vessels and fat.  Vessels provide access to spinal nerves for injectates (pain blockers)

Space inbetween the nerve fibers:

-Spinal taps

-Sample spinal fluid

-disease markers

Afferent (sensory) info

interneruons

efferent (motor) info in

motor info exits through ventral roots

thoracic & sacral regions

Sympathetic motor

Activates body systems

Myelinated axon fibers

fiber tracts direct impulses up & down the cord

sensory ascending motor descending

Combo of afferent & efferent axons

Mixed function nerves

Send motor commands to ventral horn for skeletal muscle reflex

Send sensory info up the cord to higher brain centers for complicated decisions

Flacid paralysis - muscles cannot contract

-muscles get smaller

Loss of sensory info

-Swellings that pinches dorsal root

Two limbs paralyzed

Cutting cord between T1-L1.  Motor and sensory lost

One side of body is impacted

-Brain damage

Progressive destruction of ventral horn (motor neurons)

Spinal nerve fibers that control skeletal muscle

-Leads to paralysis progressivly

-loses organ control

-death

Incomplete formation of vertebral arches leading to cord dysfunction

-vertibre have holes

-lack of neutrient 

Major controller of ANS functions

Brain stem nuclei associated with 10 of 12 cranial nerves

conducts signals between higher & lower brain centers

Pain suppressor

Sensation of pain & suppression of pain responses

Controls/suppresses fight or flight responses

Visual Track of moving objects - visual reflex

-superior colliculi

Reflexive actions with auditory signals

-inferior colliculi

Cranial nerves 3 & 4

Mainly conduction fiber tracts, helps cerebrum & medulla

-Aids in coordinating muscle movements from cerebellum.

-Aids medulla in controlling respiration

-Prevents apnea & lung overinflation

Cranial nerves 5, 6, & 7

Somatosensory info

Important for Proprioception-locating body parts

MAJOR ANS REFLEX CENTER

-Cardiovascular nuclei control heart rate & BP

-Respiratory nuclei control rate & depth of respiration

Cranial nerves 8-12

Relay station to the cerebral cortext

Deals with sensory info from all senses and all parts of the body

-memory processing

-Relay sensory info to sensory cortext

Hypothalamus 

Main ANS controller - regulates medulla

-Helps control endocrine system

-regulates body temperature

-Food intake & digestive system activity

-Water balance - ADH - Anti Diaretic hormone

-Reproductive physiology, growth & development

Produce loss of physiological and emotional function

-Failure to thrive, waste away and die

Motor cortex - control muscle momevment

- eyes, skeletal muscle, speech,

-emotions

-problem sloving

-multitasking

sensory cortext/input - know what you're touching, cold, wet, sharp

conscious control of skilled moments - think abouts

Learning new motor skills

Aneurism: Blood vessel burst

Blood Clot: Vessel blockage 

connect gray matter of the 2 brain hemispheres

-right side knows what the left side is doing

-Also targets for epilepcy cure

Cortex connects with brain stem or spinal cord

-fibers cross at medulla - contra lateral control

Coordinate body movements, keeps balance for smoth movements

Recognizes and predicts sequences of events

Bone

Beninges

CSF

Blood-brain-barrier

Cover & protect brain using dura mater

House blood vessels

Holds CSF

Two layers of connective tissue for protection

Periosteal layer attached to skull

Menigeal layer attached to periosteal

Holds big vessels in place to the brain

Filled with CSF

Broken vessels lead to hematomas causes high pressure

Completley surrounds brain and SC

Huge protection, minor nourishment for brain

Stops waste in blood from moving to brain

using blood brain barrier

Keeps toxins away from brain using selectively permeablility

Does not work againts fat-soluable substances like alcohol or nicotine