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Brain & Cranial Nerves
Meninges, major parts of brain, and cranial nerves
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/23/2011

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Term
Meninges
Definition
Connective tissue coverings which surround the spinal cord and the brain.
Term
Dura mater
Definition
Outermost of the 3 meninges, tough layer of fibrous connective tissue
Term
Arachnoid mater
Definition
Middle layer, delicate fibrous layer
Term
Pia mater
Definition
Innermost layer, delicate membrane adhering directly to spinal cord
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
Largest portion of the brain, integrates and interprets incoming sensory impulses as sensations and initiates conscious motor responses
Term
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
Definition
Mid-line separation of the hemispheres of the brain
Term
Corpus callosum
Definition
Deep within longitudinal fissure, connects right & left hemispheres
Term
Gyrus
Definition
Surface feature of cerebrum, ridge or the raised areas
Term
Sulcus
Definition
Surface feature of brain - grooves between the raised areas (gyrus)
Term
Occipital Lobe
Definition
Processes visual information, not distinctly separated from the other lobes by a sulcus or fissure
Term
Cortex
Definition
Gray matter on the surface on the cerebrum
Term
Temporal lobe
Definition
Memory formation, receives and evaluates sensory information
Term
Lateral fissure
Definition
Separates temporal lobe from rest of cerebrum
Term
Insula
Definition
Lies deep in lateral fissure, often called the 5th lobe. Seems to be involved in integrating sensory input from visceral receptors.
Term
Parietal lobe
Definition
Sensory reception and evaluation (not special senses)
Term
Frontal lobe
Definition
Most anterior. Controls impulses, motor function, coordination, judgement.
Term
Central sulcus
Definition
Separates frontal from parietal lobes
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Most posterior portion of brain, completely separated from the cerebrum
Term
Brain stem
Definition
Divided into midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
Term
Midbrain
Definition
Most superior part of the brain stem, connects brain stem to higher brain areas.
Term
Superior colliculi
Definition
larger pair, contain a visual reflex center
Term
Inferior colliculi
Definition
Contains an auditory reflex center
Term
Cerebral peduncles
Definition
Primarily descending nerve tracts from the cerebrum to the midbrain and spinal cord
Term
Pons
Definition
Located just inferior to midbrain and superior to medulla
Term
Medulla oblongata
Definition
Most inferior portion of the brain stem
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
Located between brain stem and cerebrum. Contains thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Largest part of the diencephalon, located in both hemispheres
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Regulates the pituitary galnds function
Term
Olfactory nerve (I)
Definition
sense of smell
Term
Optic nerve (II)
Definition
sense of vision
Term
Ocularmotor nerve (III)
Definition
Movement of eye muscles, dilation/constriction of pupil
Term
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Definition
Movement of eye muscle
Term
Trigeminal nerve (V)
Definition
Sensations on face and head, movement of eye muscles
Term
Abducens nerve (VI)
Definition
Abduction of eyes (lateral movement)
Term
Facial nerve (VII)
Definition
Sensation of external ear and palate; movement of facial & throat muscles, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue), and stimuatlion of salivary and lacrimal (tear) glands
Term
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Definition
Hearing and balance
Term
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Definition
Taste, salivation, hearing, equilibrium, swallowing
Term
Vagus nerve (X)
Definition
Sensory reception in throat and abdominal organs, speech formation, taste
Term
Accessory nerve (XI)
Definition
Movement of soft palate, pharynx, sternocleidomastid, and trapezius
Term
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Definition
Movement of muscles of the tongue and throat
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