Term
neocortex
if a reptile or bird doesnt have this.. they just use ___ for motor stuff
is it new?
what is it?
how many layers? tell me about it.
are the layers all the same thickness? |
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Definition
if they dont have it - the corpus striatem does movement.
most evolved of all! has most layers. like hippocampus is pretty evolved -it has 4 layers
its a 2-3mm mantel covering the cerebral hemispheres
6 layers- columnar. surface = I. closest to brain = VI
not all same. III&V are ouput and IV is input - see BA |
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| divides frontal and parietal |
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| 2nd deepest- boxing glove thumb |
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| parietal occipital fissure |
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Definition
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| 4 lobes. name and location |
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Definition
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
PICTURE |
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| projection zone of thalamus. very front of brain |
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Definition
BA 123 in parietal. right behind fissure
hemineglect, if it affects the non-dominant hemisphere.
sensory homonculus |
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Term
| pre central gyrus aka primart motor cortex |
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Definition
in frontal, in front of fissure
motor homunculus |
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Term
| primary motor projection area |
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Definition
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| somatosensory projection area |
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Definition
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| primary auditory projection area |
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| primary visual projection area |
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| receptive aphasia . carl. localized in back of left temporal |
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Term
motor homunculus
shown on... gyrus |
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Definition
somatotopic representation (organization of correspondence w places in body and brain) of primary motor projection area.
on precentral gyrus
PICTURE p 72 |
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Term
somatosensory homunculus
shown on --- gyrus |
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Definition
somatotopic representation of primary projection area.
on postcentral gyrus
PICTURE p 72 |
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Definition
| Brodman took core samples of the brain and saw that come places the layers were diff thicknesses p73 - more info! |
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Definition
| happen in frontal lobe0 integrate stuff into a plan |
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| hemispheric specialization |
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| corpus striatem and rhiencephalon are here. |
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Term
corpus striatem aka basal ganglia
deals with -
diseases related?
location |
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Definition
deals with motor/procedural memory
and extrapyramidal and 'getting ready to move'
huntingtons/parkinsons
page 66 location |
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Term
motor/procedural memory
where
examples
does clive have this?
parts? |
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Definition
in corpus striatem
music/riding bike
yes.
parts - lenticular and caudate nucleus |
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Term
lenticular nucleus
part of the ___
parts - __ and ___ |
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Definition
part of the corpus striatem
parts include putamen(lateral) and globus pallidus (medial) |
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Term
| putamen (lateral surface of lent.nucleus) |
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Definition
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Term
| globus pallidus()medial surface of lent nuc |
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Definition
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caudate nucleus
part of the ___
ends in the ___ |
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Definition
part of the corpus striatem
ends in the amygdala |
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Term
episodic/declaritive memory
happens where?
can clive? |
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Definition
happens in hippocampus.
clive cant.
lists, wsj article to recall later, card catalog of where the books are all stored. |
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Term
Clive weiring
talk about this case.
mention - part of the brain with damage.
what type of memory he can (and where that is) and cant do.
what he likes
where his emotional issues come from.
clue: his 'thumb' is damaged |
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Definition
video. hippocampal damage due to sickness. he has episodic memory issues. he thought every minute was the first he had been fully awake. the memory of music was intact. had emo intensity bc of frontal lobe
his motor or procedural memory is still intact bc it happens in corpus striatem. think huntingtons etc. he can still learn music even if he doesnt ever remember seeing the music - he gets better if he practices.
his 'thumb' is damaged |
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Term
rhiencephalon
parts
function |
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Definition
smell brain
parts: olfactory tracts, amygdala, mamillary bodies, septum, hippocampus and hippocampal formation and hippocampus commisure, cingulate gyrus(is above, follows curve or corpus collasum on medial side of each hemisphere of cerebrum).
all of these structures are complexly interelated in such matters as motivation, emotion, learning, and memory. |
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Definition
end of caudate nucleus
emotional memory |
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Term
emotional memory
where?
what |
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Definition
happens in the amygdala.
causes anxiety. helpful. learns about things in environment that cause emotional harm and tries to avoid. |
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Term
hippocampus
buried where?
describe the hippocampal formation.
works w/ what kind of memory.
comparative to a ____ ___ in a library |
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Definition
thumb IN boxing glove
in temporal lobe
the HF starts w/ the fornix w/ two arms that move laterally as they encircle the thalamus and end in the hippocampus. the two arms of Fornix are joined by the hippocampal commisure
seems to be a consolidator and organizer of memory. declaritive |
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Diencephalon
part of the ____
inside is the ___, ____ and ___ |
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Definition
part of the forebrain.
inside is the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland |
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Term
thalamus
where
f(x)- the great ____
shape |
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Definition
is located above the tectum/ceiling of the midbrain. forms 'roof' and upper sides of 3rd ventricle- p 53
Principle relay point for sensory and motor information into cerebrum- blind sight flower/hammer
the great switchboard. coms- all incoming, cept smell goes to thalamus
shaped like 2 footballs - joined by massa intermedia
has important thalamic nuclei! |
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Term
ventrobasal complex is a ____ in the ____ , function?
recieves from _ and sends from _ |
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Definition
thalamic nuclei in the thalamus , somatosensory
location - pg 53/4
recieves from lemniscal system and neospinothalamic tract and sends to primary somatosensory projection area BA 1, 2, 3. post central gyrus , parietal lobe |
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Term
lateral genticulate nucleus
function
receives from
sends to |
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Definition
thalamic nuclei in the thalamus , vision
location - pg 53/4
receives from optic tract and superior coluculli (BA 17) - occipital lobe |
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Term
medial genticulate nucleus
location on pic?
function
receives info from inferior colliculli and sends to primary auditory projection areas - ba 41&2 in temporal lobe |
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Definition
thalamic nuclei in the thalamus , hearing
location - pg 53/4 |
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Term
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Definition
B-ehavior E-ndocrine
E-motion T-emperature control
S-leep/wake cycles H-ungar/Thirst
A-utonomic Control M-emory
Is the Endocrine Control Center
Secretes Regulatory Hormones
Controls ANS stimulation of Adrenal Medulla |
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Term
| autonomic motor system - command center is where? |
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Definition
| command center of this is in the hypothalamus |
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Term
| study hard, babe. study hard. |
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Definition
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Term
posterior pituitary / neurohypophesis
signals come from? |
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Definition
the pituitary that is controlled by signals from the hypothalamico-neurohypophesial pathway which descends the indinibulum... which is all controlled by the hypothalamus
page 56-60- go OVER! |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| anterior pituitary / adenohypophesis |
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Definition
controlled by CHEMICALS releasing factors and inhibit of release factors. released from tubero-infidibular pathway
example - prolonged stress - CRF- corticotrophic release factor comes from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary down the t-i path. and makes it make ACTH and cotisol stuff
p 56-58, 61-63- GO OVER!! |
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Term
| tuber-infidibular pathway |
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Definition
| goes to anterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
if it comes fown the T-I path it goes into here.
it's a vasciluar system that then descents infindibulum |
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Term
example of posterior pituitary process
___ stimulates __. releases __ results in ___ |
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Definition
hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary to release oxycotin. uterus contracts. result= birth
and then nursing happens too.
initial product is collostrum, not mothers milk until has oxycotin to release other stuff - page 60 |
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Term
| hypothalamico-neurohypophesial pathway |
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Definition
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Term
mesencephalon/midbrain
where?
how is it like a MIDDLE income family's HOUSE |
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Definition
under pons
it has a ceiling (tectum) and floor (tegmentum) |
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Term
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Definition
on p 49
ceiling
colliculi
superior and inferior |
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Term
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Definition
floor.
red nucleus and substantia nigra
grace. extrapyramidal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
superior colliculi
where?
f(x)?
looks like?
sends info to |
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Definition
in tectum
protopathic seeing
eye movement and reflexes,
visual orientation
DD's scanning the classroom/lifeguard's are superior
defensive 'oh god it's going to hit me' reflex
hindbrain boobs
along with optic tract - sends info to lateral genticulate body in thalamus ( its BA 17 in occipital) |
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Term
inferior colliculi
where?
f(x)?
looks like
sends info to |
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Definition
in tectum
protopathic hearing
some sound localization and 'startle response'
hindbrain big boobs
sends info to medial genticulate body in thalamus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
cerebellum
what kind of pyramidal? reg or extra?
function?
lots or less neurons than brain? |
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Definition
pretty. brain's metronome.
extrapyramidal - good puppet/grace /coordination of all experiences
receives LOTS of proprioceptice data
70 billion neurons - more than brain.
more 'frames per second'
covers the 4th ventricle as seen on p 49 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| mylencephalon of hindbrain - rhomencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
medulla is in the ___ of the ____
function |
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Definition
____ is in the mylen of the hind.
basically the swollen spinal cord but thicker and has 1/2 of cranial nerves attached (6-12) and vital nuclei
and it keeps you all alive and stuff |
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Term
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Definition
| are in medulla and are part of cranial nerves |
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Term
| meninges - dura, archnoid and pia |
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Definition
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Definition
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What is the lateral ventricle
what is the third ventricle
What is the 4th ventricle
or where are they
what happens there
where are they? |
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Definition
C shaped ventricles in middle of brain - have anterior horn in front. posterior horn in back and in the mid of the 2 is the 3rd ventricle like a cradle bw the 2 lateral ventricles
in middle
in brainstem bw cerebellum and pons
http://www.obfocus.com/images/csf.gif |
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Term
| how are the ventricles connected? |
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Definition
| LATERAL - intraforamen - 3RD VENTRICLE - cerebral aqueduct- 4TH VENTRICLE- foramen of luschka (the foramen of megendie goes thru the medulla to connect the 4th ventricle to the central canal straw of the spinal corn thru the foramen of Lushka!~) |
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Term
| cerebral aqueduct connects what two ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
cerebral spinal fluid's function?
made by? where are these?
how much made a day? compared to a bev
does it have another f(x)
how does it move around? |
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Definition
drains brain waste and gives support
made by specialized cells lining roofs of ventricles - particularly the lateral ventricles - called choroid plexus
1 can of coke - 600-700ml- ventricles are filled w/ the stuff.
now we know it sends some chemical messages
the superior sagittal sinus picks up csf and drains it away . page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cranial nerve- optic chiasma |
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Definition
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Term
| cranial nerve - olfactory - I |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| auditory - vestibular nerve - viii |
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Definition
| goes through infereior colliculi |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
connects the 2 arms of the fornix of the hippocampal formation.
losing 1 is fine because the other will compensate in a few months. |
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Term
corpus collosum (commisure
location |
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Definition
is the largest of the commissural fibers
cut to cure epilepsy
Andrew's friends sister
bottom of longitudanal fissure
page 65 picture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal |
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Term
the _______ separates into the __________ and _________.
the other vessicle , the _______. separates to __ and ___ |
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Definition
| the hindbrain separates to the mylencephalon and mesencephalon and the forebrain separates to the telencephalon and diencephalon |
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Term
| right is to left as agnosia is to ___ |
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Definition
Left is to aphasia and language.
right is agnosia and knowing and recognizing |
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Definition
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Definition
if she had had a stroke on her left, would affect her language.
she had stroke on R - sensory - left side doesnt exist anymore. L sensory neglect - more common than right sensory neglect |
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Term
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Definition
| law and engineer degree+stoke bc of frontal lobe aneurysm - how we use the info given by other parts of brain. has abilities but cant use them to apply anything or problem solve. |
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Term
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Definition
| invented, got nobel prize for lobotomy. |
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Term
embryological development
PMR or FMH |
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Definition
| [image]
page 46
neural tube(forerunner of brain and spinal cord) starts forming at day 21 and somites go around it (muscle forerunners) at day 23
page 47 |
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Term
| prosencephalon into __ and __ |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
the neural plate enfolds, forming ___
then it becomes _ swellings known as ___ ___ ___ |
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Definition
| the neural plate enfolds, forming neural tubethen it becomes 3 swellings known as primary brain vessicles |
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Term
What do these embryonic divisions of the brain become in the adult brain?
tel di mes met my
Can Eggs, Toast and Ham make party crazy men obese? |
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Definition
Telencephalon - cerebrum - Can
Diencephalon - Epithalmus, Thalmus, Hypothalmus - Eggs, Toast & Ham
Mesencephalon - Midbrain - Make
Metencephalon - Pons, Cerebellum -Party Crazy
Myelencehpalon - Medulla Oblongata - Men obese? |
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Term
| metencephalon separates to ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| pons and cerebellum (separated by 4th ventricle) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thicker and rotund and carries transverse neurons (a commissure) across hemispheres of cerebellum - r to left |
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Term
reticular formation
what
where
function |
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Definition
in midbrain behind pns.
network of neurons w/ short axons and lotsa synapses
page 50
retiulospinal pathway comes from bottom of extrapyramidal signals from cerebellum in the meten
works with being fully alert- sets level of cortical alertness |
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Term
Where's the lesion?
1. facial weakness ipsilateral to body weakness
2. altered level of consciousness
3. dysarthria (difficulty pronouncing words!) and dysphasia (difficulty swallowing)
4. can't be fully alert |
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Definition
What happens when you have a lesion here
1. in high pons or above
2.in brain stem or dysfunction of both cerebral hemispheres
3. brainstem or cerebellum
4. reticular formation |
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Term
pineal nerve was though to be center of ____ because it wasn't neurological tissue and didn't have a twin. singular.
location? |
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Definition
thought to be center of soul by descartes
it calcifies w/ age
located on top of superior coliculus - between pair of thalamuseses . |
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Term
hypothalamus from class
function |
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Definition
lesser thalamus - floor of 2rd ventricle
basic drives (sex food etc)
command center of autonomic.
neuroendocrine system- influences pituitary |
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Term
important thalamic nuclei
1. lateral genticulate body
2. medial genticulate body
3. ventrobasal complex
functions? |
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Definition
1 vision
2hearing
3somatosensory |
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Term
where is the command center for neuroendocrine system that coms with the pituitary?
how does it do that????? |
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Definition
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Term
pituitary
parts
sends out
controlled by |
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Definition
| has the posterior and anterior pituitary and sends out hormones and controlled by hypothalamus. |
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Term
| switchboard of thalamus is represented on p 54. |
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Definition
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Term
limbic system includes 8 parts
PICTURES |
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Definition
1.cingulate gyrus kinda in a circle around everything.
2. Thalamus - in the middle
3. fornix- encircles thalamus and ends in mamillary body
4. hypothalamus - under thalamus
5. mamillary body
6. hippocampus -
7. amygdala
8. olfactory bulbs.
page 67,8 |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4 main fissures. name them |
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Definition
| central, longitudinal, lateral, parietal-occipital |
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Term
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Definition
| Language, sequential, analytic, aphasia, anomia. |
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Term
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Definition
| spatial (integration), holistic, synthetic, agnosia. |
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Term
CASE: the gift of speech
what happened.
what does she have and what does that mean - wrong place, wrong time, wrong location.
what were the place, time, and location |
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Definition
Marilou, 6 yr old girl
normal speech and intelligent to no speech receptive or expressive.
had seizures
Laundau-klefner-
the place was in her speech cortex. the thing was epilepsy and the time was when she was in her window of opps for speech |
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