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| referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or the cerebellum |
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| outer layer of brain tissue surface composed of neurons |
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| grooves or cracks in the cerebral cortex |
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| bumps on the cerebral cortex |
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| cortex lying below the lateral fissure |
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| cerebral cortex anterior to the central sulcus |
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| cerebal cortex at the back of the brain |
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| specialized cells engaged in information processing |
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| part of the central nervous system (CNS) encased within the verebrae or spinal column |
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| central nervous system (CNS) |
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| the brain and the spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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| all the neurons located outside the brain and spinal cord |
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| neuron that carries incomming information from sensory receptors into the brain and spinal column |
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| neuron that carries information from the spinal cord and brain to make muscles contract |
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| cerebral cortex posterior to the central sulcus |
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| part of the brain composed of many folds of neurons |
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| cortex lying beneath the temporal bone |
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| designated as the THUMB when making a fist to represent the brain |
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| lobe located beneath the frontal bone of the skull |
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| designated as the FINGERS when making a fist |
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| lobe of the brain located beneath the occipital bone |
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| designated as the WRIST when making a fist to represent the brain |
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| beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull |
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| designated as the KNUCKLES when making a fist to represent the brain |
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| an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior |
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| proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence, attention, awareness, and consciousness |
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| an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind |
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| quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body |
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| philosophical position that holds that both a nonmateiral mind and a material body contribute to behavior |
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| philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind |
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| Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and existing species change over time |
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| differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment |
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| group of organisms that can interbreed |
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| forebear from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups |
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| major structure of the hindbrain specialized for motor coordination. In large-brained animals, it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes |
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| general term referring to primates that walk upright, including all forms of humans, living an extinct |
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| part of the evidence supporting Darwin's suggestion that emotional expression is inherited is the finding that people from all parts of the world display the same emotional expressions |
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| phylogenic tree that brances repeatedly, suggesting a classification of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise |
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| simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles |
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| body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in apperance |
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| collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain |
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| group of animals that have both a brain and spinal cord |
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| a group of genes that specify the segmental organization of the nervous system of insects and vertebrates and so are thought to have arisen in a common ancestor to these lineages |
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| division into a number of parts which are similar; refers to the idea that many animals, including vertebrates, are composed of similarly organized body segments |
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| encephalization quotient (EQ) |
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| Jerison's measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to the expected brain size, according to the principle of proper mass, for an animal of a particular body size |
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| idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger |
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| behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species |
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| process in which maturation is delayed and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors |
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| learned behaviors that are passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning |
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