Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Botany
Test 1
83
Biology
Undergraduate 3
04/06/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Zacharias and Francis Janssen
Definition
The first person(s) known to have produced a microscope was/were:
Term
botany
Definition
study of plants
Term
science
Definition
a search for knowledge of the natural world
Term
plant anatomy
Definition
internal structure of plants
Term
dendrochronology
Definition
determines past climates by examining the width and other features of tree rings
Term
paleobotany
Definition
study of fossils
Term
plant taxonomy
Definition
oldest branch of plant study, began in antiquity, but Linnaeus did more for the field than anyone
Term
cladistics
Definition
analysis of shared features
Term
pteridologists
Definition
specialize in ferns
Term
plant geography
Definition
how and why plants are distributed where they are
Term
plant ecology
Definition
interaction of plants and environment
Term
plant morphology
Definition
study and form
Term
plant genetics
Definition
study of heredity
Term
cell biology
Definition
cell structure and function
Term
economic botany
Definition
practical useso f plants, and plant products
Term
hypothesis
Definition
an idea or explanantion that is a bsis for further explanation
Term
plants impact on humans
Definition
provide food, shelter, clothing, occupy important ecological niches that are interrelated to many other organisms, contribute to the natural beauty of the world, recreational pursuits, and ifluence world climate
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
what is not an attribute to all living organisms?
Term
thermodynamics
Definition
laws pertaining to energy are called laws of:
Term
cell wall
Definition
defines shape of cell, main structural component is cellulose composed of glucose monomers, cell wall also includes hemicellulose, pectin, and glycoproteins.  middle lamella (a layer of pectin) is produced when new cell walls are formed
Term
plasmodesmata
Definition
tiny strans of cytoplasm that are communication between cells
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
outer boundary of living part of cell, regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, creates different portions of chemicals inside and outside of cell, composed of phospholipids (2 layers of proteins)
Term
nucleus
Definition
control center of cell, DNA provides info needed to fulfill cell's needs (growth and differentiation), includes nuclear envelopes, nucleoli, chromatin, and chromosomes
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
facilitates cellular communication and channeling of materials, synthesis of membranes for other organelles and modification of proteins from components occur on surface or within compartments. 
Term
ribosomes
Definition
composed of RNA and proteins, assembled within the nucleus, may line the outside of ER, may occur unnattached to other oragnelles, enzymes are synthesized here
Term
dictyosomes
Definition
bound by branching tubes that originate from ER, but not directly connected, involved in the modification of carbohydrates attached to proteins that are synthesized adn packaged in the ER, "post office" of cell
Term
plastids
Definition
within most plants and contain chloroplasts, within chloroplast are: grana, thylakoids, chlorophyll, liquid portion of chloroplast is stroma, the chloroplast contains RNA and ribosomes which facilitate some protein synthesis, some store proteins
Term
mitochondriah
Definition
powerhouses of cell, where ATP is produced, energy is released from organic molecules by cellular respiration, energy keeps plants running, include cristae which increase the surface area available to enzymes, fluid matrix also contains: DNA, RNA, ribosomes, proteins, and dissolved substances
Term
microbodies
Definition
small bodies throughout the cytoplasm that give it a granular appearance, contain specialized enzymes and are bound by a single membrane, examples are: peroxisomes and glyoxisomes
Term
vacuoles
Definition
90% or more of plant cell is taken up by 1 or 2 of these, it is an empty space sac filled with watery fluid called cell sap
Term
plant cell vacuoles
Definition
water-soluable pigments, crystals, salts, and sugars can be found in:
Term
vacuole
Definition
maintains the internal tugor pressure of cells
Term
mitochondrion and nucleus
Definition
what is found in a eukaryotic cell but not prokaryotic?
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
involved in movement within a cell, an intricate network of fibers which are: microtubles (includes cilia and flagella) and microfilaments
Term
epidermis
Definition
give an example of a meristematic tissue:
Term
parenchyma
Definition

thin walled cells varying in shape and size, function is support and synthesis

 

Term
collenchyma
Definition
tissue composed of cells with unevenly thickened walls, function is support and structure
Term
sclerenchyma
Definition
lignified cells with thick walls, functions in strengthening and support
Term
vascular cambium
Definition
secondary tissues that function primarily in support and conduction
Term
cork cambium
Definition
form a thin cylinder that runs the length of roots and stems of woody plants
Term
intercalary meristems
Definition
apical meristems in the vicinty of nodes
Term
complex tissues
Definition
consists of xylem and pholem that function to transport water, ions, adn soluable food through plant, most are produced by apical meristems, in woody plants, tissues are produced by vascular cambium, includes epidermis and periderm
Term
xylem
Definition
important in "plumbing and storage synthesis, chief conducting tissue, consists of vessel elements and tracheids
Term
phloem
Definition
conducts dissolved food materials produced by photosynthesis throughout plant, consists of sieve tube members and companion members
Term
epidermis
Definition
outermost layer of cells, direct contact with environment, includes velamen roots, cuticle, stomata, guard cells, glands, and trichrome
Term
guard cells
Definition
differ in shape and size due to chloroplasts
Term
glands
Definition
secrete protective or other substances or modified as hairs that reduce water loss or repel insects and animals
Term
periderm
Definition
tissue in which lenticels are formed, begins producing new tissues that increase teh girth of stem or root, includes cork cells that secrete fatty substance, suberin that makes cork cells waterproof
Term
vessel elements
Definition
have perforated end walls, and can conduct greater volumes of water
Term
tracheids
Definition
dead at maturity, but allow water to pass from cell to cell
Term
tissues
Definition
groups of cells that are structurally and/or functionally distint
Term
food storage roots
Definition
tuberous roots, specialized
Term
propagative roots
Definition
specialized roots, grow near surface of ground, buds develope into suckers
Term
pneumatophores
Definition
specialized roots that permit plants growing in water to facilitate gas exchange
Term
aerial
Definition
roots entirely above the ground, such as ivy
Term
contractile
Definition
pull plant deeper into soil until stable temps are reached
Term
buttress
Definition
huge roots by trunk, gives good stability
Term
parasitic
Definition
manufactures its own food through photosynthesis
Term
endodermis
Definition
common in roots but not stems:
Term
mycorrhizae
Definition
fungus roots essential to normal growth and development
Term
root nodules
Definition
swellings contain large numbers of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Term
passage cells
Definition
cells of an endodermis that do not have Casparian strips
Term
pericycle
Definition
directly inside the endodermis toward the center of a root
Term
cortex
Definition
tissue composed of parenchyma cells lying between epidermis and inner tissues, stores food in a root
Term
endodermis
Definition
single layered cynlinder of compactly arranged cells who are impregnated with suberin
Term
Casparian strips
Definition
suberin bands on the radial and traverse walls of roots
Term
vascular cylinder
Definition
core of tissues, conduct water or food in a root
Term
soil
Definition
consists of topsoi, A horizon, E horizon, B horizon, and C horizon, A horizon is the topsoil
Term
annual ring
Definition
one year's growth of xylem
Term
vascular cambium
Definition
in a mature, woody dicot stem, the tissue between teh xylem and pholem is:
Term
protoderm
Definition
gives rise to epidermis
Term
procambium
Definition
produced by primary meristem differentiates between xylem and pholem
Term
ground meristem
Definition
produces two tissues composed of parenchyma cells, pith is the center of the stem, and cortex they both function in storing food, if chloroplasts are present in manufactoring it
Term
parenchyma
Definition
ground tissue or fundamental sissue of monocots
Term
vascular cambium
Definition
increase in girth of a tree
Term
ground or fundamental tissue
Definition
in monoco stems the parenchyma cells are referred to as:
Term
stem
Definition
protoderm, procambium, ground meristem, pith, cortex, leaf gaps, bud gaps, vascular cambium, cork cambium, cork cells, suberin, phelloderm, and lenticels make up a:
Term
cork cambium
Definition
second cambium arises within cortex from epidermis or phloem, produces cork cells, becomes impregnated with suberin, may also produce phelloderm cells inside, and lenti els will develop beneath the stomata
Supporting users have an ad free experience!