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what is does: A type of leucoplast found in the cytoplasm of a plant cell
how structure relates to function: serves as a storage organelle of starch
mnemonic: amy starches her jeans.
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http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter4/animation_-_endosymbiosis.html |
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what is does: generates most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration.
how structure relates to function: double membrane, the cristae (infoldings of the inner membrane), and the matrix (space within the inner membrane)
mnemonic: powerhouse of the cell
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water-soluble vacuolar pigments that may appear red, purple, or blue according to the pH.
occur in all tissues of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits.
mnemonic: cyan, none of my friends really know what color that is...except the comp sci major... |
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A partially differentiated *plastid, 1.5-2.0 μm in diameter, found in the cells of plants that have been kept in darkness
contain protochlorophyll, which is converted to chlorophyll on exposure to light. |
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| a non-membrane bound structure composed of proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus |
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organic pigments that are naturally occurring in the chloroplasts and chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some bacteria, and some types of fungus.
Their colour, ranging from pale yellow through bright orange to deep red, is directly linked to their structure. |
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| Organisms that have true nuclei and membrane-bounded organelles. |
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| the organelle that contains DNA and is involved in the inheritance , metabolism control and ribosome synthesis |
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| Chlorophyll rich plastids that carry out photosynthesis |
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| Like a cilium, but longer, an organelle of locomotion. Has a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. |
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| plastids that contain red or yellow pigments, located in flowers and fruits |
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Flavonoids are the most important plant pigments for flower coloration producing yellow or red/blue pigmentation in petals designed to attract pollinator animals.
In higher plants, Flavonoids are involved in UV flitration, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and floral pigmentation.
They may act as a chemical messenger or physiological regulator, It can also act as cell cycle inhibitor. |
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| A Family of organelles within plant cells only. |
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| the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. |
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| processes and packages proteins inside of the cell and before they make their way to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion. The Golgi apparatus forms a part of the cellular endomembrane system. Sometimes, the proteins can be carried off outside the cell to other known cells. |
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| Young plastids common in meristematic cells |
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| Differentially Permeable Membrane |
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| Slectively permeable membrane a membrane that permits the passage of certain types of particles and inhibits the passage of others |
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| A set of flat vesicles in chloroplasts, invloved in chemiosmotic phosphorylation |
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| specialized organelles found only in plant cells. They contain crystalline bodies of protein and can be the sites of enzyme activity involving those proteins. |
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groups of crystals of calcium oxalate, silicates or carbonates present in plants |
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needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate as the monohydrate or calcium carbonate as aragonite, found in more than 200 families of plants. Both ends are needle-like, but raphides tend to be more blunt at one end and more tapering at the other. |
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| a type of leucoplast that is specialized for the storage of lipids in plants |
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| a cytoplasmic organelle of a more or less globular shape that comprises degradative enzymes bound within a single membrane. Microbodies are specialized as containers for metabolic activity. |
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| a component of cells that synthesizes protein chains. It assembles the twenty specific amino acid molecules to form the particular protein molecule determined by the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule. |
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| an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae. Rough endoplasmic reticula are involved in the synthesis of proteins and is also a membrane factory for the cell, while smooth endoplasmic reticula is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration and detoxification of drugs and poisons. Sarcoplasmic reticula solely regulate calcium levels. |
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| a component of the cytoskeleton. These rope-like polymers of tubulin can grow as long as 25 micrometers and are highly dynamic. |
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| membrane of the Central Vacoule |
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| a pectin layer which cements the cell walls of two adjoining cells together. Plants need this to give them stability and so that they can form plasmodesmata between the cells. It is the first formed layer which is deposited at the time of cytokinesis. The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops into middle lamella or lamellum. The middle lamella is made up of calcium and magnesium pectates |
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a membrane-bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells. essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed |
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| In a xylem-conducting cell, a pit in the secondary wall having a thickened rim (border) |
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| A pair of epidermal cells capable of adusting their size and shape, causing the stomatal pore to open when they swell and close when they shrink |
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| In vascular plants cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane by these contain the cellulose synthase enzymes that synthesise the individual cellulose chains. Each floats in the cell's plasma membrane and "spins" a microfibril into the cell wall. |
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| A cluster of fibers that covers the top of the top or the phloem side of the vascular bundle |
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