Term
Golgi body
(Golgi apparatus) |
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Definition
| A collection of interconnected dictyosomes, as many as several thousand, the entire set forming a cup-shaped apparatus. Rare in plants, common in animals. |
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Definition
| a globular protein involved in the synthesis of microfilaments |
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Definition
| plastids which store starch |
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Definition
| The intercellular spaces and cell walls of a plant; all the volume of a plant that is not occupied by symplast. |
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Definition
| Similar to a centriole and associated with the formation of flagella and cilia |
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Definition
| A membrane in which all hydrophobic fatty acids are away from the water and all hydrophilic phosphate groups are in full contact with it. Any break or tear in a this membrane exposes hydrophobic fatty acids to water, so membranes always reseal themselves after a rupture. |
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Definition
| the tiny, living, structural, and functional unit of all living things; the smallest unit which can be alive. |
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Definition
| The life cycle of a cell including growth and mitosis. |
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Definition
Composed of cellulose and microfibrils.
Covers the cell protoplasm in almost all plant cells. Provides structure and protection for the cell. |
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Definition
| In animals and some fungi and algae, organelles that act as basal bodies for organizing the microtubules of flagella. |
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Definition
| A green pigment contained in chloroplasts |
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Definition
| A plastid that contains the green pigment chlorophyll. Carry out photosythesis |
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Definition
| Plastids that contain red or yellow pigments, located in flowers and fruits. |
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Definition
| A fine, short hair made of microtubules and similar to a flagellum. |
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Definition
| A thin vesicle formed from ER vesicles that attaches to the dictyosome. |
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Definition
| The formation of numerous compartments, usually surrounded by semipermeable membranes, such that each compartment has a particular process(distinct metabolism). Example of this process: organelles |
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Definition
| mitochondrial membranes folded into large sheets to provide surface are for cellular respiration. |
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Definition
| Contains cytosol and all organelles in the protoplasm excluding the nucleus and vacuole. |
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Definition
| The water portion of the cytoplasm including free ribosomes, microtubules, and microfilaments. |
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Definition
| A cell after mitosis. Two of these cells are produced from a mother cell. |
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Term
dictyosome
(Golgi Apparatus) |
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Definition
| A stack of thin vesicles held together in a flat or cup shaped array. Receives vesicles from endoplasmic reticulum along their forming face, then modify the material in the vesicle lumen or synthesize new material. Vesicles swell and are released from the maturing face. |
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Term
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Definition
| division of labor in multicellular organisms. Different cells do different tasks. |
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Term
domains
(referring to cell membranes) |
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Definition
| small discrete regions in which proteins attach to each other making a membrane heterogenous. |
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Definition
| A process of absorbing material into a cell by forming an invagination in the plasma membrane, then pinching it shut and forming a vesicle. |
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Definition
| The membranous organelles of a cell |
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Term
endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) |
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Definition
| A system of narrow tubes and sheets of membrane that form a network throughout the cytoplasm. If ribosomes are attached, it is called rough and is involved in protein synthesis. If no ribosomes are attached, it is called smooth and is involved in lipid synthesis. |
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Definition
| A cell that has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles. |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of vesicle or vacoule carried material to the outside of a cell by fusion of the plasma membrane with the membrane of the vesicle or vacuole. |
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Term
extrinsic protein
(peripheral protein) |
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Definition
| A membrane protein that is only weakly associated with the surface of the membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of charged substances into a cell assisted by large intrinsic proteins that span the membrane. |
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Definition
| A long fine hair formed of microtubules used in motility of the cell. Like a cilium but longer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological membranes are 2D fluids in which various types of lipids and intrinsic proteins can diffuse laterally. |
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Term
forming face
(as in dictyosomes) |
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Definition
| The side of the dictyosome on which incoming cisternas become embedded. |
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Term
| freely permeable membrane |
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Definition
| A membrane that allows everything to come through. |
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Definition
| sugars chemically attached to membrane lipids. Rarely happens. |
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Definition
| A protein with sugars attached; often the sugars occur in short chains less than ten sugars long. |
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Definition
| A stack of thylakoid vesicles in chloroplasts |
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Definition
| A membrane through which nothing can pass. |
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Definition
| The spaces in between cell walls that forms the apoplast. |
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Definition
| A protein that is an integral part of a membrane, deeply imbedded in it; it cannot be washed out of the membrane easily. |
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Definition
| colorless plastids involved in synthesizing lipids and other materials. |
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Term
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Definition
| The interior of any structure such as a vesicle, vacoule , oil chamber, or resin duct. |
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Term
matrix
(as in mitochondria) |
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Definition
| The liquid around the crystae in the mitochondria. |
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Term
maturing face
(as in dictyosomes) |
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Definition
| The side of the dictyosome in which vesicles are being released. |
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Term
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Definition
| A class of two types of small, vesicle-like organelles. Peroxisomes are involved in photorespiration, the detoxification of harmful products of photosynthesis. Glyoxisomes are involved in respiring stored fatty acids. |
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Definition
| A structural element composed of actin and believed to be involved in the movement of organelles other than flagella, cilia or chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A skeletal element in eukaryotic cells, composed of alpha and beta tubulin. Microtubules compose the mitotic spindle, phragmoplast, and axial component of flagella. |
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Definition
| The layer of adhesive pectin substances that acts as the glue that holds the cells of a multicellular plant together. |
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Definition
| The eukaryotic organelle involved in aerobic respiration, particularly the citric acid cycle and respiratory electron transport. |
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Definition
| An integral membrane protein that forces molecules from one side of a membrane to the other, using energy in the process called active transport. |
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Definition
| a single layer. The layering of phospholipids when poured onto(not into) water. |
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Definition
| A cell that divides into two daughter cells during mitosis. |
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Definition
| An organism composed of more than one cell. |
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Definition
| composed of an outer membrane and inner membrane covering the nuclear material and separating it from the rest of the cell. |
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Definition
| Holes in the nuclear membrane involved in the transport of material between the nucleus and the rest of the protoplasm. |
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Definition
| Organelles located within the nucleus. Areas where ribosomal RNAs are synthesized and assembled into ribosomal subunits. |
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Definition
| A composition of DNA, enzymes necessary to maintain DNA, histone proteins, several types of RNA, and water contained in the nucleus |
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Definition
| In eukaryotic cells, the organelle that contains DNA and is involved in inheritance, metabolism control, and ribosome synthesis. |
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Definition
| The "little organs" of a cell, such as nuclei, plastids, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Many are membrane-bounded compartments, others are nonmembrane structures composed of protein or protein and RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plant iron stored in plastids |
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Term
plasma membrane
(plasmalemma) |
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Definition
| the membrane that completely covers the surface of the protoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| A narrow hole in a primary wall, containing some cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and a desmotubule; a means of communication between cells. |
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Definition
| A family of organelles within plant cells only. Examples : chloroplasts, chromoplasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cluster of ribosomes attached to a molecule of messenger RNA |
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Definition
| An area of a primary cell wall that is especially thin and contains numerous plasmodesmata. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell that has no true nucleus or membrane bound organelles. |
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Term
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Definition
| small, undifferentiated plastids |
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Term
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Definition
| An organelle responsible for protein synthesis. Consist of a large subunit and a small subunit, both made of proteins and ribosomal DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached. Involved in protein synthesis. |
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Term
selectively permeable membrane
(differentially permeable membrane) |
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Definition
| A membrane that permits the passage of certain types of particles and inhibits the passage of others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Endoplasmic reticulum independent of ribosomes. Involved in lipid synthesis. |
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Definition
| the fluid within a plastid |
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Term
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Definition
| The protoplasm of all the cells in a plant are interconnected by plasmodesmata. |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane sheets that project into the stroma of a chloroplast |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Monomer for microtubules. Classified as either alpha or beta. |
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Definition
| An organism that contains only one cell |
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Definition
| A membrane-bounded(tonoplast) space larger than a vesicle which stores material that is either dissolved in water of as a crystalline of flocculent mass. |
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Definition
| binds cellulose microfibrils together in the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| crystallized cellulose used in building the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
used in making the secondary cell wall
resistant to chemical, fungal, and bacterial attack |
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Term
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Definition
| cell wall formed when a cell needs to be extraordinarily strong |
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Term
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Definition
| Used in forming fungal cell walls. This chemical is not found in plants |
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