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Details Title: Botany 1404 Exam 1 Description: Chap 3 & 4 Total Flash Cards: 53 Created: 02/03/2006 21:23:32	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term The cell of a prokaryotic wall is made of this Definition peptidoglycan Term Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have: Definition Cell membrane Ribosomes DNA (linear or circular) Cell walls (diff substances) Nucleus DNA - chromatin Term Nucleolar organizer Definition region of DNA where nucleolus is agrigated, floating are copies of genes, ready to go out into cell Term Chromoplasts Definition contain pigments other than chlorophyll Ex: carotenoids Term Leucoplasts Definition (white) Amyloplast synthesize starch. Others synthesize a variety of compounds including oils, purines and pyrimidines (nucleotides), amino acids, fatty acids. Term Cytosol is what size? Definition 80s Term Mitochondria, plastids, and prokaryotes are what size? Definition 70s Term Ribosomes function like: Definition amino acids during protein synthesis Term Peroxisomes Definition Bound by single membrane Function: site of photorespiration. Term Glyoxysomes Definition contain enzymes to convert stored fats to glucose during seed germination. Glucose can go into respiration to make ATP Term Peroxides Definition highly reactive. Peroxisomes protect cell from peroxides which are sometimes made in the cell Term Tonoplast Definition membrane around the vacuole Term Rough ER Definition flattened sacs or cisternae with ribosomes attached on the outer surface; involved in protein synthesis. Flatter. Protein is synthesized on surface and then excreted into rough ER Term Smooth ER Definition lacks ribosomes, largely tubular, involved in lipid synthesis. Rounder. Lipid synthesis Term plasmodesmata Definition connects the ER of adjacent cells Term Golgi Definition Stacks of flattened disc-shaped sacs 2 surfaces: forming and maturing Stacks between the two surfaces - middle cisternae Trans-Golgi network = additional compartment on the maturing face (see fig 3.21) Functions: Involved in secretion. Non cellulosic cell wall (pectins, hemicellulose). Polysaccharides. Glycoproteins are secreted and stored in the vacuole Term Cytoskeleton composed of Definition microtubules and actin filaments Term Microtubules Definition thin cylindrical structures composed of tubulin subunits (alpha and beta). They play in a role in cell division, the growth of the cell wall, and the movement of flagella. Term Actin filaments Definition composed of the protein actin. They play a role in cytoplasmic streaming. Actin is a 4th degree molecule, made up of smaller things. Term primary cell wall composed of Definition cellulose fibers cross linked with noncellulosic molecules, including hemicelluloses, pectins, and glycoproteins (recognition signals). Term Secondary cell walls contains Definition hemicelluloses but lack proteins and glycoproteins. They are often strengthened with lignin, which adds compressive strength and rigidity to the cell wall. Term Xylem cells Definition transmits water in a tube Term Cell theory Definition all living things are composed of cells which reproduce and pass on their genetic information Term 3 features of plant cells that distinguish them from animcal cells Definition Cell wall, plastids, and vacuoles Term What shape is rough ER? Definition cisternal - flat and wide Term What shape is smooth ER? Definition tubular - circular Term What does the cortical ER do? Definition stabilizes and anchors the cytoskeleton of the cell Term 2 major types of lipids in plant cells Definition phospholipids (the more abundant) and sterols. Term glycoproteins Definition short carbohydrate chain believed to play a role in the recognition of molecules that interact with the cell Term Transmembrane protein Definition protein completely crosses and is on both sides of the membrane Term Sterols Definition part of steroid family of molecules with 4 rings. Stabilize the phospholipids. Term the function of carbohydrates in the membrane Definition serve as recognition sights Term Hypotonic solution Definition less solute outside the cell, causes to shrink Term Hypertonic Definition more solute outside the cell, causes cell to grow Term Transport Proteins Definition active transport through cell membrane by use of proteins and ATP Term Facilitated diffusion Definition uses no energy Term Signal transduction Definition the process by which cells use chemical messengers to communicate. (esp chemical hormones) Term Plasmodesmata Definition important pathways in cell-to-cell communication. Large molecules, including viruses, can move from cell to cell Term symplast Definition the interconnected protoplasts (everything living) and their plasmodesmata Term apoplast Definition The cell wall continuum surrounding the symplast Term water potential Definition the potential energy of water Term Solute concentration Definition concentration of dissolved substances. Ex sugar, salt Term Water potential Definition the potential energy of water. 100% in distilled water Term Isotonic Definition If solutions A and B have the same solute concentration (and thus the same water potential) they are isotonic. Term Hypotonic Definition If solution A has a lower solute concentration (higher water potential) than solution B, A is hypotonic to B. (Hypo - less than) Term Hypertonic Definition If solution A has a higher solute concentration (lower water potential) than solution B, A is hypertonic to B. Term vesicle-mediated transport Definition Large molecules and particles cross membranes via Term Three forms of endocytosis are known Definition pinocytosis,...? Term Leucoplasts Definition (white) Amyloplast synthesize starch. Others synthesize a variety of compounds including oils, purines and pyrimidines (nucleotides), amino acids, fatty acids. Term 3 types of plastids Definition chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts Term symplast Definition the interconnected protoplasts and their plasmodesmata Term protoplast Definition everything that makes up a living cell Term apoplast Definition cell wall continuum surrounding the symplast