Details Title: BONES Description: Bones Bushwitz ppt Total Flash Cards: 62 Created: 02/24/2009 17:09:50		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Physiology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Skeletal System Functions (5) Definition *Support *Storage of Minerals and Lipids *Blood Cell Production *Protection *Movement Term How many bones are in the human body??? Definition 206 Term How are bones classified? Definition By Shape Term Shape Classifications of bones Definition *Long Bones (Femur) *Short Bones (Carpal, Tarsal) *Flat Bones (sternum) *Irregular bones (vertebrae) *Sesamoin (Patella) *Sutural (Skull) Term Parts of bone? Definition *Epiphysis *Diaphysis *Metaphysis Term Epiphysis= Definition End of bones; *Spongy bone covered by compact bone Term Diaphysis= Definition Long Shaft; *Marrow cavity surrounded by compact bone *Yellow and Red Bone marrow (In certain bones like sternum, vertabrea, and long bones) Term Metaphysis Definition connects diaphysis to epiphysis Term Yellow marrow = Definition Fat Term Red Marrow= Definition Blood cells Term Bone= __________ tissue Definition Connective Term Matrix= Definition Collagen and calcium salts Term Bone -> The Cells? Definition *Osteoproginators *Osteoblasts *Osteocytes *Osteoclasts Term Osteoproginators Definition *Bone Stem Cells *In periosteum and endosteum Term Periosteum and endosteum Definition *outside and inside of bone Term Osteoblasts Definition *Produce Matrix (osteogenesis) *When surrounded by matrix becomes osteocyte Term Osteocytes Definition *Mature Bone Cell *Surrounded by calcified matrix Term Osteoclasts Definition *Multinucleated *(from monocytes) *Regulate Blood Ca(2+) by dissoving Ca(2+) salts in bones Term Two Types of Bones Definition *Compact bone *Spongy bone Term Compact Bone Definition *Osteons in Haversian System *Canaliculi Term Canaliculi = Definition *pores for interstitial fluid *Thickest at area of stress *Superficial layer covered by periosteum Term Osteons in Haversian System = Definition *osteocytes around central canal with blood cells Term Spongy Bone Definition *No osteons or blood vessels *Trabeculae *endosteum *Crossing branches help with bone stresses Term Trabeculae = Definition *branching network that receives nutrients from canaliculi Term Ossification Definition *Bone Growth *Starts at hyaline cartilage and gradually replaced by bone Term Calcification = Definition *laying down of calcium salts Term Bone Repair Definition *Blood vessels *Endosteum OR periosteum *Osteogenesis Term Blood vessels __________(in bone repair) Definition from hematoma Term Endosteum OR Periosteum produce (bone repair) Definition produce chondrocytes to form collagen Term Osteogensis Occurs as (bone repair) Definition cartilage is replaced by bone Term Ossification effected by Definition *Adequate Ca(2+) and phosphorus in diet *Calcitrol *Vitamin C *Vitamens A,K,B12 *Growth hormone *Sex Hormones *Calcitonin *PTH Term Calcitrol Definition *Hormone made by Kidneys *Controls Ca/P absorption in digestive system *D3 required for calcitrol synthesis Term Vitamin C Definition *for enzymes associated with collagen synthesis Term Vitamins A,K,B12 Definition *for enzymes associated with proteins in bone Term Growth Hormone Definition *(pituitary) and thyroxin (thyroid) stimulate bone growth Term Sex hormones Definition *androgen and estrogen stimulate increase in rate of bone growth Term Calcitonin= Definition Hormone (thyoid) that inhibits osteoclast activity and increases excretion of Ca(2+) in urine to lower Ca(2+)in blood Term PTH (parathyoid hormone) Definition *stimulates osteoclast activity and effect of calcitrol on intestine AND decreases rate of Ca(2+) excretion in kidneys to increase Ca(2+) in blood Term Two Skeleton Types Definition *Axial Skeleton *Appendicular Skeleton Term Axial Skeleton Definition *Skull, vertebrae, thorasic cage *Protects Vital Organs Term Appendicular Skeleton Definition *Pectoral Girdle, upper limbs, Pelvic girdle, Lower Limbs *movement Term Articulations (joints) is what? Definition Where two bones come together Term Articulations classified as Definition *Synarthosis *amphiarthrosis *diarthrosis Term Synarthrosis Definition *Immovable Suture = skull *Gomphosis = Tooth or Socket *Synchondrosis = Sternum -> ribs *Synostosis= bones fuse *Frontal Bone Term Amphiarthrosis Definition *Slightly moveable *Syndesmosis = Connected by ligament (tibia fibula) *Symphysis = connected by Wedge/Pad of fibrocartilage (vertebrae) Term Diarthrosis Definition *Freely Movable = Synovial joints Term Synovial Joints Definition *Gliding Joint *Hinge Joint *Pivot Joints *Ellipsoidal joints *Saddle Joints *Ball and Socket Term Gliding Joint Definition *Flat *Glide *Carpals Term Hinge Joints Definition *Single Plane *Elbow Term Pivot Joints Definition *Rotate only *neck Term Ellipsoidal Joints Definition *Concave/convex *phalanges, metacarpals Term Saddle Joints Definition *Concave/Convex *Thumb Term Saddle Joints Definition *Concave/Convex *Thumb Term Ball and Socket Definition *Round head in cup *Rotate *Hip and shoulder Term What surrounds Synovial Joints? Definition Articular capsule surrounds joint Term Synovial Surroundings Definition *Synovial fluid *Cartilage *Fat pads *Ligaments *Tendons *Bursae Term Synovial Fluid Definition *Like interstitial fluid *thicker Term Cartilages Definition *Cover ends of bones Term Fat Pads Definition *Localized fat (in capsule) serves as filler during movement Term Ligaments Definition *Attach bone to bone Term Tendons Definition Attach muscle to bone Term Bursae Definition *Connective tissue with synovial fluid where tendons/ligaments rub against other tissues