Term
| Functions of the Skeletal System |
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Definition
| Support, Protection, Movement, Storage of Calcium, Hemopoiosis (blood cell formation) |
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Definition
| long, short, flat, irregular |
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Definition
bone forming cells
lay down calcium salts from calcium in blood
"bone brick layers" |
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bone absorbing cells
take down calcium salts and return to blood stream
"bone demolishers" |
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Term
| blood calcium homeostasis |
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Definition
bone remodeling serves to maintain proper blood calcium levels
if there are high bllod calcium levels, osteoblasts increase their rate of bone deposition (taking calcium out of the blood and depositing it in bone)
if there are low blood calcium levels, osteoclasts increase their rate of bone reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
Cartilage Model
Blood vessels invade cartilage and osteoblasts and osteoclasts begin forming a cavity
osteoblasts begin depositing calcium
cartilage present an epiphyseal plates and allows for bone elongation
Rush of hormones during puberty closes epiphyseal plates |
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Definition
areas where cartilage is produced during bone growth and elongation
Closure happens from a rush of hormones during the end of adolescence causing less cartilage to be produced until they are entirely replaced by bone |
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Definition
Adult bones continuously remodeled throughout life
Wolf's Law |
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Definition
Compression of bone due to impact activities causes a thickening of the bones at the areas of stress
creates an electric current which stimulates osteoblast activity
tiny fractures continually being healed thickens the bone |
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Definition
| simple, compound, greenstick, comminuted, impact |
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Term
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Definition
only broken bone
no soft tissue damage
easy to mend |
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Definition
bone is completely broken
punctures through skin |
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Definition
| incomplete fracture on one side of the bone, resulting form extreme bending |
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Definition
more than two fragments that have broken off
very difficult to mend |
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Definition
one end of the broken bone is wedged into the other end
usually happens when bone is quickly compressed |
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Definition
corkscrew type of a break due to twisting of bone
common among victims of child abuse |
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Term
| 4 Steps of Fracture Healing |
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Definition
Hematoma formation
fibrocartilaginous callus formation
bony callus formation
remodeling |
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Term
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Definition
| large mass of clotted blood forms |
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Term
| fibrocartilaginous callus formation |
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Definition
blood vessels grow into the hematoma
cartilage begins to replace the blood clot
osteoblasts and osteoclasts begin to turn the cartilage into bone |
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Term
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Definition
| spongy bone has replaced most of the cartilage and a bony callus has formed |
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Term
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Definition
Bony callus is remodeled by osteoblasts and -clasts
resembles original shape due to similar stresses on the bone (Wolff's law) |
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Definition
| a bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together |
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Definition
| straightening the joint between articulating bones |
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| extension of a joint beyond the anatomical position |
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| movement of a bone away from the midline of the body along a frontal plane |
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Definition
| movement of a bone toward the midline of the body |
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Definition
flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction performed in succession
the limb makes a cone in the air
proximal end of the limb remains stable
distal end moves in a circle |
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Term
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Definition
turning of the bone around its long axis
only movement allowed between C1 and C2
common at the hip and shoulder joints |
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Definition
| anterior surface of the bone moves toward the midline |
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Definition
| anterior surface moves away from the midline |
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| movement of the sole of the foot medially (inward) |
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Definition
| movement of the sole laterally (outward) |
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Definition
| flexion of the ankle so that the superior part of the foot toward the shin |
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Definition
| extension or straightening of the ankle so that you are pointing your toes |
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Definition
| movement of the flexed forearm so that the palm is turned anteriorly or superiorly |
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Definition
| movement of the flexed forearm so that the palm is turned posteriorly or inferiorly |
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Definition
| forward movement of the mandible or shoulder girdles on a plane parallel to the ground |
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Definition
| movement of the protracted mandible or shoulder girdles back along a plane parallel to the ground |
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Definition
| upward movement of a body part |
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Definition
| downward movement of a body part |
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Definition
hold bones together
allow the rigid skeleton to move |
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bones joined by fibrous tissue
i.e. sutures in the skull
i.e. syndesmoses connecitng the tibia and fibula |
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Definition
A plate or pad of cartilage at the end of bones
i.e. symphyses of pelvis and vertebrae |
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Definition
bone ends separated by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
i.e. knee joint |
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Definition
hinge (elbow)
pivot (leg)
ball-and-socket (shoulder)
condyloid (wrist)
gliding (tarsus)
saddle (thumb) |
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