Nanotechnology Uses 

Cosmetic Industry - Nanoparticles are absorbed deeper into the skin than larger particles.

Self Cleaning Glass - Nanoparticles spread rainwater over a surface to clean dirt easily.

Sunscreen - Nanoparticles can block UV Rays by effectively absorbing them.

Silver Nanoparticles are useful because they release silver ions, which kill microbes.

Metals

High Melting Points - Giant lattice structure, too many electrostatic forces to be broken.

Good Conductors of Electricity and Heat - Sea of Delocalised Electrons can carry a charge and vibrate.

High Density - Closely packed ions.

Malleable and Ductile - Formed in a regular lattice structure, ions are fixed in layers.

An Ion

An Electrically Charged particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons.

Simple Covalent Molecules

 Unable to Conduct Electricity at all.

Strong Covalent Bonds between atoms and weak intermolecular forces between molecules.

Can exist as a Gas, Liquid or Solid (with a low melting point) at room temperature, it all depends on the strength of the Intermolecular Forces.

Covalent Bonds

Happens between 2 or more non-metals.

Form when non-metals share electrons in order to gain a full outer shell.

Can be drawn as dots and crosses where the 2 outer shells intersect.

Stronger than ionic, but have weak intermolecular forces.

Ionic Compounds

Happens between a non-metal and metal.

The metal will lose electrons and non-metals will gain electrons to get full outer shells.

Can conduct electricity when aqueous or in a liquid state, because the ions become free.

Form between oppositely charged ions. 

Nanoparticles

Larger than atoms.

Can alter a material to make it stronger than it otherwise would be.

1-100nm in size.

States of Matter

Melting: Solid to Liquid

Freezing: Liquid to Solid

Evaporation: Liquid to Gas

Condensation: Gas to Liquid

Sublimation: Solid to Gas

Graphite

 The carbon atoms each bond to 3 other carbons to form hexagonal rings.

Each carbon atom has a delocalised electron, so it can conduct electricity and heat.

Carbon Nanotubes

Are cylindrical tubes of fullerenes and have a very high length to diameter ratio.

Used in conjunction with catalysts because they provide a massive surface area of catalyst for reactants to come into contact with. 

Transition Metals

Have High Melting Points

Form coloured compounds

Can be used as catalysts

Metallic Bonding

Diamond

In diamond, the structure is locked into place because each Carbon atom is bonded to 4 other carbons. This makes it extremely hard.

Hard

Does not conduct heat or electricity.