Term
| 4 Primary Types of Body Tissues |
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Definition
Epithelial
Connective
Nerve
Muscle |
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Term
| What is the embryonic origin of epithelium? |
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Definition
| Endoderm, Mesoderm, and Ectoderm |
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Term
| What is the embryonic origin of nervous tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the embryonic origin of muscle tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the embryonic origin of connective tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is epithelial tissue generally found? |
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Definition
| Body coverings, body linings, and glandular tissue |
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Term
| What is the function of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
| Protection, Absorption, Filtration, Secretion |
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Term
| What are characteristics of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
| Cells fit closely together, tissue layer always has one free surface, the lower surface is bound by a basement membrane, avascular, and regenerative if well nourished |
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Term
| What is the definition of stratified epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
| It contains more than one layer |
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Term
| What are the 3 shapes of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
Squamous - flattened
Cubodial - Cube-shaped
Columnar - column-like |
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Term
| Characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
Single layer of flat cells
Usually forms membranes
Lines the body cavities, lungs, and capillaries |
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Term
| Characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
single layer of cube-like cells
common in glands and their ducts
forms walls of kidney tubules
covers ovaries |
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Term
| Characteristics of simple columnar epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
single layer of TALL cells
includes GOBLET CELLS, which produce mucus
lines DIGESTIVE TRACT |
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Term
| Pseudo-stratified simple epithelia tissue? |
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Definition
single layer but some cells are shorter than other
often looks like a double cell layer
SOMETIMES ciliated (respiratory tract)
function in absorption and secretion
seen in areas that need protection (esophagus where acid reflux may occur) |
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Term
| What type of simple epithelium functions in absorption and secretion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of simple epithelial cells are often ciliated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of simple epithelial cells includes goblet cells, which produce mucus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of simple epithelial cells are common in glands and ducts, forms the walls of kidney tubules, and covers ovaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of simple epithelial tissue usually forms membranes, lines body cavities, and lines lungs and capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of stratified squamous epithelial cells |
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Definition
cells at the free edge are flattened
found as a protective covering where friction is common
located in the skin, mouth, and esophagus |
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Term
| What type of epithelial tissue is found as a protective covering where friction is common? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelial cells |
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Term
| Characteristics of stratified cuboidal epithelial cells |
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Definition
| TWO layers of cuboidal cells |
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Term
| Characteristics of stratified columnar epithelial cells? |
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Definition
SURFACE CELLS are columnar
cells underneath VARY in size and shape |
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Term
| Characteristics of stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelial cells? |
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Definition
rare in the human body
found mainly in ducts or large glands |
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Term
| Characteristics of transitional epithelium |
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Definition
shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
lines organs of the urinary system |
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Term
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Definition
| one or more cells that secretes a product |
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Term
| Two Major Types of Glands |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a type of gland that is ductless and secretes hormones |
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Term
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Definition
a type of gland that empties through ducts to the epithelial surface
include swear and oil glands |
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Term
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Definition
Secretory structure of glands can be tubular and alveolar
glands can also be simple (no branches) or compound (branches) |
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Term
| How are gas and nutrients transported to epithelial tissues? |
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Definition
| because there are no blood vessels, epithelial tissue receives gas and nutrients via exchange of gas and nutrients that pass through the basement membrane |
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Term
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Definition
on the surface of the epithelial tissue, they create a current, moving in an orchestrated pattern to create a wave of movement of the mucus/ fluid
can function in ABSORPTION and SECRETION |
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Term
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Definition
| on the free surface of pseudostratified epithelium Increase the surface area of epithelial cells for absorption of more materials from the surrounding environment |
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Term
| Cell Junctions in connective tissue |
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Definition
cell-to-cell connections between epithelial cells
attachment allows epithelium epithelial cells to be continuous |
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Term
| Tight Junctions (aka Blocking Junctions) |
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Definition
closely associated with areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtually impermeable membrane
closest attachment of 2 epithelial cells
Tight junctions are found predominantly in epithelial tissues, such as intestinal brush border. Water and other fluids must be prevented from leaking between adjacent cells, so that body fluids do not gradually seep across the intestinal lining. In the intestinal lining, tight junctions occur at cell-cell junctions next to the many microvilli that extend into the intestinal space, or lumen, providing increased surface area for adsorption. |
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Term
| Desmosomes (aka Adherons) |
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Definition
anchoring junctions
A spot desmosome contains two button-shaped cytoplasmic adhesion plaques attached to the intercellular face of each plasma membrane. Fibrous transmembrane linker proteins bind to the plaques, forming a rigid network in the intercellular space that binds the two cells firmly together. |
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Term
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Definition
| In gap junctions, two cells are separated by a small gap, which is bridged by specialized channels (connexons) that allow the passage of water and small molecules. Gap junctions help coordinate the activities of adjacent cells. For example, a hormone that stimulates one cell will often activate adjacent cells as well by the passage of intracellular signals through gap junctions. |
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Term
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Definition
components of gap junctions that allow movement of fluid from one cell to another
also helps to keep cells aligned |
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Term
| 3 types of cytoplasmic organelles |
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Definition
| Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
versatile structures functioning in cytokinesis, amoeboid movement, and changes in cell shape
protein ACTIN is the main subunit
in inducing cell motility, one end of the actin filament elongated wile the other contracts |
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Term
| The main protein subunit of microfilaments |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rope-like structures that coil and wrap around each other
give support and stability to cytoplasm and organelles in each cell
not involved in cell movements, but play a structural role by providing mechanical strength to cells and tissues |
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Term
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Definition
main subunit is TUBULIN
move things throughout the cell
they also make up the internal structure of cilia and flagella
function in intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles
involved in cell division |
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Term
| What is the main structural component of microtubules? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells make Ceebum, package it and release it along with cell fragments into the cell duct? |
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Definition
Glandular cells
These cells also divide and change shape as the function changes |
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