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Body Systems
See title.
63
Biology
9th Grade
05/02/2011

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Term
function of the nervous system?
Definition
maintains homeostasis and controls other body systems
Term
what is homeostasis?
Definition
the process of keeping a stable internal environment
Term
why is it important for the body to maintain homeostasis?
Definition
so the body can be comfortable and continue functioning
Term
major organs of the nervous system?
Definition
brain, spinal cord, neurons, peripheral nerves
Term
what is a neuron?
Definition
the cells that transport impulses from the nervous system
Term
what is the nucleus (nervous system)?
Definition
largest part of the neuron where the most metabolic activity takes place
Term
what is an axon (nervous system?)
Definition
conducts impulse; cytoplasm extension
Term
what is the myelin sheath (nervous system??
Definition
insulating membrane surrounding axon that allows impulses to travel faster
Term
what is the node of ranvier (nervous system?)
Definition
gaps between myelin sheath that allow impulses to jump across from node to node
Term
what are dendrites (nervous system?)
Definition
"antannea" that recieve impulses from axon terminals
Term
what are shwann cells (nervous system?)
Definition
make myelin
Term
what are axon terminals (nervous system?)
Definition
small swellings where the axon ends from which neurotransmitters are released
Term
what are the 3 types of neurons and what are their functions?
Definition
sensory neurons: carry impulses from sense organs to spinal cord and brain
motor neurons: carry impulses from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
inter neurons: conncect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them
Term
what is the function of the immune system?
Definition
fights infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells
Term
what are antigens?
Definition
substances that trigger immune response
Term
what are antibodies?
Definition
proteins that recognize, bind to, and deactivate antigens
Term
what are the two types of the body's defences against foreign invaders?
Definition
specific and nonspecific
Term
describe nonspecific defences.
Definition
1. physical barrier (skin and hair): most important nonspecific defence, because few pathogens can penetrate the skin
2. Chemical Barriers (sweat, mucus, tears): Contain enzyme that breaks down cell walls of many bacteria's cell walls . The oil and sweat produce acidic environment that kill many bacteria.
3. Inflammatory Response (2nd line of defence): Activates when tissue is damaged. Body produces white blood cells, and blood vessels cause the area to swell.
Term
describe specific defences.
Definition
1. Immune response: A response that causes the immune system to attack a pathogen with a series of specific pathogens after the inflammatory response fails. It makes antibodies and antigens.
Term
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
Definition
AIDS are caused by HIV
Term
what is a simmilarity between nonspecific and specific defences?
Definition
they both fight against foreign substances or cells through the production of cells
Term
how are nonspecific and specific defences different?
Definition
Specific defences are specific to the diesease, while NS are general. NS is the first line of defence, while S is the second. NS uses physical boundaries, while S uses antibodies and antigens. NS try to physically stop pathogens from entering the body, while S only attack when the pathogens are inside it.
Term
Function of the circulatory system?
Definition
transports oxygen rich blood through out body and sends CO2 rich blood to lungs so it can be exhaled (works w/respiratory system)
Term
function of an artery?
Definition
carries O2 rich blood away from heart to body
Term
function of a vein?
Definition
carries O2 poor blood towards heartt to go to lungs and recieve oxygen
Term
function of cappilarries?
Definition
smallest vessels because they are the site of CO2 and O2 gas exchange
Term
order of blood flow through heart?
Definition
1. superior/inferior venacava (O2 poor blood enters heart)
2. right atrium
3. right ventricle
4. pulmonary artery (sends blood to lungs to get O2)
5. pulmonary vein (O2 rich blood reenters heart)
6. left atrium
7. left ventricle
8. aorta (sends O2 rich blood to cells via bloodstream)
Term
function of endocrine system?
Definition
sends hormones to regulate body, helps maintain homeostasis, and helps regulate growth, development, and metabolism
Term
what makes up the endocrine system?
Definition
glands that release their products into the bloodstream
Term
what are hormones?
Definition
chemicals that broadcast messages from the endocrine system that are specific
Term
what are target cells?
Definition
receptors that are specific for a certain hormone.
Term
what is complimentary hormone action?
Definition
when two hormones with opposite effects act to regulate body's internal environment (blood glucose level)
Term
how do the nervous and endocrine system work together to maintain homeostasis?
Definition
nervous system provides feedback for endocrine
Term
function of hypothalmus?
Definition
controls pituitary gland, regulates nervous and endocrine system
Term
function of pituitary gland?
Definition
releases and controls the human growth hormone
Term
function of adrenal glands?
Definition
helps body respond to stress
Term
function of testis?
Definition
produce testosterone
Term
function of pineal fland?
Definition
releases hormone to help with rhythemic activities, such as sleep-wake cycles
Term
function of thymus?
Definition
helps produce and develop immune system
Term
function of pancreas?
Definition
regulates glucose level in body
Term
function of ovary?
Definition
produce estrogen and progesterone
Term
function of digestive system?
Definition
breaks down food into nutrients body can use
Term
funtion of tongue?
Definition
moves food around (menchanical digestion)
Term
function of salivary glands?
Definition
adds liquid so food can be swallowed, has enzyme that breaks down starches
Term
function of esophagus?
Definition
tube that connects mouth to stomach
Term
function of stomahc?
Definition
stores and breaks down food, very acidic
Term
function of liver?
Definition
produces bile for lipid digestion
Term
function of pancreas?
Definition
releases digestive enzymes, regualtes blood sugar levels, neutralizes food as it enters intestine
Term
function of gall bladder?
Definition
stores bile
Term
function of duodenum?
Definition
first 10-12 inches of small intestine where majority of nutrient absorbtion occurs.
Term
function of small intestine?
Definition
nutrients absorbed into bloodsteam
Term
function of appendix?
Definition
vestigal structure
Term
function of rectum??
Definition
storage until waste is released
Term
function of large intestine?
Definition
colon, where water is absorbed from waste
Term
where does chemical digestion befin?
Definition
in the mouth
Term
what is amylase?
Definition
enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches into sugar
Term
what is the function of the excretory system?
Definition
get rid of waste from the body
Term
function of renal artery?
Definition
blood enters kidney to be filtered
Term
function of renal vein?
Definition
clean blood leaves the kidney
Term
function of kidney?
Definition
filters blood and reabsorbs water/nutrients
Term
function of ureters?
Definition
drains urine, connects kidney to bladder
Term
function of bladder?
Definition
storres urine until released
Term
function of urethra?
Definition
opening for urine to be released
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