Term
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Definition
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Term
| cholesterol derivatives (steroids) |
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Definition
testosterone (testes)
estrogen (ovaries)
progesterone (ovaries)
aldosterone (adrenal cortex)
cortisol (adrenal cortex)
Vitamin D3 (Skin liver Kidney) |
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Term
| Hypothalamic releasing hormones |
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Definition
GnRH = gonadotropin releasing hormone
CRH = corticotropin releasing hormone
TRH = thyroid hormone releasing hormone
GHRH = growth hormone releasing hormone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| four hormone binding domains |
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Definition
Hormone-binding domain:the hormone binds near the carboxy terminus of the receptor
Nuclear binding domain: contains an amino acid sequence that targets the receptor to the nucleus.
DNA binding domain: allows the receptor to bind to the DNA
transactivation domain:alters the DNA structure to initiate transcription |
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Term
2nd messengers
and where are they involved?
do what? |
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Definition
CA concentration, cAMP production, IP3, DAG
g couple protein receptors
signal amplification |
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Term
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Definition
vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin- neuron that extended into the posterior pituitary portion
Contains neurons that release hormone releasing factors |
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Term
Kinases
make up what? Which is a what? |
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Definition
Serine
threonine
tyrosine
Make up the receptors of a cell surface receptor for protein/peptides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Receptor signaling cascade/ all processes affected by cell surface receptors |
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Definition
protein transport
protein synthesis
secretion
ion channels
gene expression (Slow as shit) |
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Term
| physiological changes in the cell |
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Definition
cell growth and differentiation
glucose metabolism
glucose transport
gene expression |
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Term
|
Definition
All hypothalamic releasing hormones
All pituitary hormones
All GI hormones
All pancreatic hormones
Calcitonin
and Parathyroid hormon (PTH) |
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Term
| benefits of cell surface receptors |
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Definition
instant physiological change/cascade
signal amplification (2nd messengers) |
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Term
|
Definition
pre- localizing signal
pro- protector
hormone- GnRH 10 amino acids |
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Term
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex |
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Definition
epinephrine
Corticol
Aldosterone |
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Term
|
Definition
1.stimulus activate across the membrane
2. activating the phospholipase
3. Arachonic
4. Cyclooxgenase |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| production of steroid hormones |
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Definition
1. cholesterol (27 carbons
2. side chain cleavage (mitochondria and rate limiting)
3. Pregnenolone (21 carobs)
4. Launching point for protein production |
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|
Term
controller
master gland
final target |
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Definition
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary (anterior only)
thyroid, gonads, adrenal, breast, liver |
|
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Term
| anterior portion of the pituitary gland |
|
Definition
gonadotrops
thyrotropes
somatotropes
corticotropes
lactotropes |
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Term
|
Definition
produces prolaction
affects lactation
negatively related to dopamine |
|
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Term
| target tissue: CRH/corticotropes |
|
Definition
adrenal cortex
Release of Cortisol |
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Term
|
Definition
hyaline- Lots of collagen
elastic- Elastin protein, ears
fibrocartilages- Rich in collogen, Between vertibrates, Meniscus of the knees |
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Term
| Connective tissue proper: Types |
|
Definition
Three Types
1. Tendons
2. Ligaments
3. Dermis of Skin |
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Term
| Connective tissue proper: Uses what? |
|
Definition
collagen
elastic
fimbrin
transmembrane protein |
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Term
| Cartilage: extracellular matrix |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
nerves
muscles
epithlium
connective tissue |
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Term
| Layers of skin: epithilium |
|
Definition
all made of keratinocytes
Stratum Basale: live close to basal lamina, Live cells, melanocytes, production of vitamin d
Stratum Spinosum: live/dead cells,
Stratum Granulosum: Dying cells, release glycolipids, waterproofing
Stratum Corneum: Dead Cells
Protection, hornea against bacteria |
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Term
|
Definition
Crossing with the basil lamina and basale
provide pigment,
protect from UV
prevents production of vitamin D |
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Term
|
Definition
Anchoring
tight/occluding
communicating/gap |
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Term
| Epithelium characteristics |
|
Definition
Form linings
At junctions
Attached to extracellular protein structure
Not vascularized
Cellular-> Continuous sheet of cells
Polarized -> Top (Apical) and bottom (basilar)
Regenerate |
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Term
|
Definition
uses keratin to hold onto the cytoplasm of the cells
Desmosomes: attaching to neighboring cells using cadherens (transmembrane proteins to hook)
Hemidesmosomes: used to anchor to the basil lamina. Uses intergrin. |
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Term
| The functions of connective tissue are: |
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Definition
1 support (as in bone, ligaments, and tendons)
2 protection (as in bone, and cells of the immune system)
3 insulation (as in adipose tissue)
4 transportation (as in blood) |
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