Term
| What are the 2 things that make up the composition of the blood? |
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Definition
| 1) Plasma 2) Blood cells (WBC, RBC, and Platelets) |
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Term
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Definition
| SUSPENSION of blood cells and platelets |
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Term
| When you draw up blood, what percentage of it is plasma and blood cells? |
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Definition
Plasma- 55-60%
Blood cells- 40-45% |
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Term
| Is there more plasma or blood cells in the blood compostipon? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Plasma without clotting factors |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of blood cells that make up the blood composition? |
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Definition
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Term
| which gender has less hematocrits? |
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Definition
| Females has 5% less hematocrits than males |
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Term
| what are the 3 types of WBC? and give examples of each |
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Definition
1) Granulocytes-Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
2) Monocytes- Macrophages
3) Lymphocytes- T cells and B cells
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Term
| What are the 3 contents of Plasma? |
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Definition
| Water, Proteins, Electrolytes |
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Term
| Name 3 plasma proteins? and their fxn |
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Definition
1) Albumins are transport proteins in the blood.
2) Globulins, specifically immunoglobulins, work in the immune system as antibodies. Ex. IGG and IGE
3) Fribrinogen works in clotting. |
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Term
| What part of the blood composition is Hematocrit found? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How would you determine Hematocrit levels? |
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Definition
| Centerfuging blood so the RBC get packed on the bottom and the Plasma/hematocrit is on the top layer and the WBC or buffy coat is in the middle |
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Term
| What is the equation to determine hematocrit levels? |
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Definition
| Hematocrit= Height of RBC's/ Total height |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease state in which the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells increases |
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Term
| What would a pt. with polycethmia blood work look like? |
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Definition
| They have more than normal RBC so their vial would contain a Increase in height of packed RBC |
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Term
| What is another name for RBC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the life span of RBC's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the avg. size of RBC? |
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Definition
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Term
How is an RBC different than other "cells"?
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Definition
| It is non-nucleated, so it can't make proteins, and the protein it has is from the time RBC was made. |
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Term
| Where is carbonic anhydrase found and what is its fxn? |
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Definition
| Carbonic anhydrase is found in RBC and it breaks down CO2 |
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Term
| what is the equation for Carbonic anhydrase breaking down Co2? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does carbonic anhydrase play a role in PH of the blood? |
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Definition
| Carbonic anhydrase breaks down H20 and CO2 and it releases H+ and HC03- , if you have too much H+ it will cause a decrease in PH of the blood= Acidosis and then if you have too much HCO3- then you will cause blood to be basic= Alkalosis |
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Term
| What is 2,3 DPG and where is it found and what is its function? |
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Definition
2,3 Diphosphoglycerate and found in RBC.
It's function is to Reduce O2 affinity (when the RBC is unloading O2 on tissues) |
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Term
| what is Hemeglobin and where is it found? |
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Definition
| Hemeglobin is found in the RBC and aides in O2 binding |
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Term
| How many subunits of Hg are there and what does each one contain that specifically helps in O2 binding? |
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Definition
| 4 subunits, and has an Fe (iron) group to help bind the oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| No, that is why you need RBC to carry them. |
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Term
| What causes an Increase in RBC production? |
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Definition
1) Low tissue oxygenation (Heart faliure, Lung disease, and High altitudes)
2) EPO- Erythropeitin |
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Term
| Where is EPO (Erythropoietin found)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the Regulation of RBC production? |
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Definition
| Low O2 tissue saturation --> Increase in EPO --> Hematopoietic stem cells --> proerythroblasts --> RBC--> Tissue oxygenation |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood doping is the act of injecting RBC in body and/or injecting recombinant human EPO. |
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Term
| What 3 things do you need for proper RBC production? and how do they contribute to RBC production? |
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Definition
1) Erythropooietin- RBC erythropoeitin
2) Vit. B12, Folic Acid (for Thymidine triphosphate production)- W/o absorption of B12 it will cause Pernicious Anemia/megaloblastic anemia
3) Iron-needed for O2 saturation in Hg |
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Term
| Where is iron found, absorbed, and excreted? |
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Definition
| Found in Hemeglobin, absorbed thru intestines, excreted via blood loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiency of Hg in the blood. |
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Term
| What is the concentration of Hemeglobin in men and women? |
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Definition
Men- 15g Hg/dl
Female- 14g Hg/dl |
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Term
| What is equation of total oxygen carrying capacity of blood? |
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Definition
| CaCO2= Hb (g/dl) X 1.34 ml O2/gHb X SaO2 +PaO2 (0.003 mlO2/mmHg/dl) |
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Term
| What is the CaO2 of the typical 26 year old male? with a PaO2= 100mmHg; SaO2=100% |
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Definition
| CaCO2= (15g Hg/dl) x 1.34 ml O2/gHb x 1 + 0.3mL02/mmHg = 20.4 mLx O2/ dL |
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Term
| What are the units of the Carrying capacity of blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient is Anemic what would be affected in the "total oxygen carrying capacity of blood" |
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Definition
| the "Hb (g/dl)" not the SaO2 or the PaO2 |
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Term
| what are the hematocrit levels of pt.'s with polycythemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two type of Polycethmia and how are they caused? |
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Definition
1) Primary- Caused genetically (polycythemia Vera)
2) Secondary- Due to hypoxia/high altitudes and heart failure |
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Term
| If someone visits a high altitude will they instantly have increaase in RBC (polycythemia)? |
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Definition
| No, Won't see effects of RBC's till days later |
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Term
| What are the cardiovascualr consequences of Polycethemia? |
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Definition
| Hearth attack- B/c the blood is more viscous --> causing blood clots --> making heart work harder --> MI |
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Term
| What are the 4 blood groups? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that evokes the production of one or more antibodies |
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Term
| Which blood type has Antigen 1) A 2)B 3)AB 4)none |
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Definition
1) Blood type A has antigen A
2) Blood type b has anitgen B
3) Blood type AB has both antigen AB
4) Blood type O has no antigens |
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Term
| Why is blood type O more useable in blood tranfusions than blood type AB? |
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Definition
| Because blood type O doen't have any antigens, so it cannot react on any antibodies, but blood type AB has antigens A and B so it will react to antiodies. |
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Term
| What are the two main types of Antigens in the body for blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the possible genotypes in blood? |
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Definition
AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, OO
We have 4 blood types and 6 Genotypes |
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Term
| What are the occurence of blood types in the human population? |
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Definition
A- 41%
B- 9%
AB- 3%
O- 47% |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Produce agglutinins against the agglutinogens your RBC's do not have |
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Definition
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Term
| If you are blood type A, what type of antibodies would you have? |
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Definition
| Type A blood will have B Agglutinins/anti-bodies |
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Term
| Who is a universal reciever and a universal donor and why? |
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Definition
Universal Receiver is type AB because they don't have any Agglutinins
Univerals Donor is type O becuase they don't have any antigen for the antibodies to react to. |
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Term
| Which blood type produces agglutinins A, AB, B, none? |
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Definition
Agglutinin A is by Type B blood
Agglutinin A and B is by Type O blood
Agglutinin B is by type A blood
No agglutinins by type AB blood. |
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