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Block 2 - Calcs and Values
Know these or die
42
Biology
Graduate
12/10/2008
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Term
Cardiac output from stroke volume and heart rate.
 Definition
CO=SVxHR; BP=COxSVR
Term
Mean arterial pressure from systolic and diastolic pressures
 Definition
MAP=[systolic + 2xdiastolic]/3
Term
Systemic or pulmonary vascular resistances knowing cardiac output, mean arterial pressure and venous pressure.
 Definition
SVR=[(MAP-CVP)x80]/CO; PVR=[MPAP-PCWP]80/CO
Term
Law of LaPlace
 Definition
Wall Tension = P x r / 2 h (h is wall thickness)
Term
A-a PO2 gradient with use of alveolar gas equation.
 Definition
PAO2 = FiO2 × (barometric pressure – water vapor pressure) – PACO2/R. At sea level, barometric pressure = 760. At body temperature, alveolar water vapor pressure is 47 mm Hg. The respiratory quotient (R) is usually 0.8, FiO2=.21. PACO2 = PaCO2
Term
Renal clearances, including GFR.
 Definition
GFR = (Uin × V) ÷ Pin
Term
Given the GFR, rates of solute filtration, reabsorption, secretion.
 Definition
Filtration rate = GFR × Pglucose; Excretion rate = V × Uglucose; Reabsorption rate = filtration rate – excretion rate
Term
Plasma osmolality from plasma sodium, glucose and urea concentrations
 Definition
2 x [Na] + glucose/18 + [BUN]/2.8
Term
Effects adding or removing osmoles and/or water on known body fluid osmolalities and volumes
 Definition
Solute constant - TBW1 × [Na+]1 = TBW2 × [Na+]2; Water constant - Extra Na+ needed =TBW × ([Na+]2 - [Na+]1)
Term
Anion gap (normal gap and whether it is increased).
 Definition
Na -[Cl+HCO3]; normal gap is <12
Term
Appropriate respiratory compensation of metabolic acidosis, using Winters’ equation
 Definition
1.5 x HCO3 + 8 +/- 2= predicted CO2
Term
Starling equation for transcapillary fluid exchange
 Definition
Jv = S×Lp [(Pc – Pi) – (pc – pi)]; Flux = Conductance × Driving Force
Term
Values from 2x2 contingency tables for interpreting both treatment studies and diagnostic tests.
 Definition
Sensitivity - a/a+c; Specificity - d/b+d; Likelihood positive - sens/[1-spec]; likelihood negative - [1-sens]/spec; Pos Pred Value - a/a+b; Neg Pred Value - d/d+c
Term
Heart rate (BPM)
 Definition
60-100
Term
Systemic arterial BP
 Definition
(100-130)/(60-90)
Term
Mean arterial pressure
 Definition
73-103
Term
Central venous pressure
 Definition
2-10
Term
R atrial pressure
 Definition
2-8
Term
R ventricular pressure
 Definition
(15-30)/0-8)
Term
Pulmonary art. pressure
 Definition
(15-30)/(10-15)
Term
Wedge pressure
 Definition
4-12
Term
L ventricular pressure
 Definition
(100-130)/(4-12)
Term
Cardiac output (L/min)
 Definition
5-7
Term
Stroke volume (ml)
 Definition
50-116
Term
SVR (dyne s cm-5)
 Definition
800-1500
Term
PVR (dyne s cm-5)
 Definition
80-250
Term
Mixed Venous O2 & CO2
 Definition
PVO2 = 40,PVCO2 = 46
Term
Alveolar O2 & CO2
 Definition
PAO2 = 100, PACO2 = 40
Term
Arterial O2 & CO2
 Definition
PaO2 = 100, PaCO2 = 40
Term
Sodium
 Definition
135-145 mmol/L
Term
Potassium
 Definition
3.6-5.4 mmol/L
Term
Chloride
 Definition
98-108 mmol/L
Term
BUN
 Definition
7-23 mg/dL
Term
Anion Gap
 Definition
~12 ±2 mEq/L
Term
Osmolality, Plasma
 Definition
275-295 mosmol/kg H2O
Term
Glucose
 Definition
65-110 mg/dL
Term
Total CO2
 Definition
20-29 mmol/L
Term
Creatinine
 Definition
1.3 mg/dL
Term
Albumin
 Definition
3.7-5.1 g/dL
Term
pH
 Definition
7.4 ±0.05
Term
PCO2
 Definition
40 ±2 mmHg
Term
Bicarbonate
 Definition
24 ±2 mmol/L
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