Term
| What was the practice called in which kings and nobles appointed church officals and invested them with their religious authority? |
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Term
| Which pope and emperor had a showdown at Canossa in 1077? Which man won? |
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Definition
| Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV had a showdown, Pope Gregory VII won |
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Term
| List the two new religious orders whose members begged for their daily sustenance. Identify the founder of each. |
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Definition
| Franciscans founded by Francis of Assisi and Dominicans founded by Dominic |
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Term
| Under which pope did the papacy reach its zenith? |
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Definition
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Term
| List and define the three major weapons used by the papacy during this period. |
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Definition
| 1. Excommunication-the punishment of an individual by depriving him of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship of the church. 2. Interdict-the suspention of public church services and of the administration of all sacraments in a certain location. 3. Inquisition-a special church court commissioned by the pope to stamp out heresy. |
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Definition
| The buying and selling of church offices |
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| One of the most influential of the reforming monastic orders. They adopted lives of seclusion and strict discipline. |
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| A man of deep piety and sincere devotion; he lived a secluded life with strict discipline as a means of reforming the church. |
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| A group of men created so that churchmen not the nobles chose the popes. |
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| German emperor refused to stop appointing bishops in his realm. |
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| an agreement that recognized the right of the church to elect its own bishops and abbots. This was an attempt to end simony (buying and selling church offices). |
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| teachings contrary to the Roman church. |
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Term
| What German king founded the Holy Roman Empire? In what year did this take place? |
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Definition
| Otto I (Otto the Great), in the year 962 the pope crowned him emporer. Then the German empier became know as the Holy Roman Empire (by union of Ermany and Italy). |
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Term
| What did the French philosopher Volaire observe about the Holy Roman Empire? |
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Definition
| It was "neither holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire." |
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Term
| What conflict of interest did many of the German emperors have? |
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Definition
| They intervened in Italian affairs, caring more about Italy thus neglecting the affairs of Rome. |
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Term
| From what family did the German princes choose a king in hopes of ending the period of civil war? List two emperors who belonged to this family. |
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Definition
| the Hohenstaufen family,Frederick I (Barbarossa-red beard) and Frederick II |
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Definition
| local tribal leaders who had role of protector |
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| The first Saxon line of German kings |
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Definition
| a new royal line succeded the Saxon house |
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Term
| Who was successful in forming a marriage alliance between his son and the heiress of the kingdom of Sicily? |
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Definition
| Frederick I (Barbarossa - red beard) |
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Term
| Which Hohenstaufen ruler grew up in Sicily? |
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Definition
| Frederick II (he was a learned man of his day) |
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Term
| Who was a ward of Pope Innocent III, but later defied him by breaking his promise to give up the throne of Sicily? |
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Definition
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Term
| What man defeated the Danes and laid the foundation for a unified English monarchy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two men struggled for the Engish throne in 1066? What was the name of the battle where this issue was settled? Who won? |
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Definition
| William I (Duke of Normandy) and Harold (Earl of Wessex) in the Battle of Hastings and William I (the Conqueror) won |
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Term
| On What document did English nobles force King John to affix his royal seal? In what year did this take place? |
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Definition
| Magna Carta in the year 1215 |
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Term
| What is the name of the ruling family in France? List the five royal kings in this section who belonged to this royal family |
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Definition
| Capetian house, Hugh Capet, Philip II, Louis IX, Philip IV, Louis VI |
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Term
| List the English and the French advisory/representitive assemblies that developed during this period and identify each with its respective country |
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Definition
| Estates-General in France, Parliment in England |
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| Officials that govern shires |
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| Important literary works compiled during the time of Alfred the Great |
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| a record book compiled by William the Conqueror listing who held taxable property and belongings |
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Definition
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Term
| Which counties ruled ancient England before Alfred the Great? |
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Definition
| the Romans, then then Angles and Saxons, then the Danes |
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Term
| Who was the founder of the English navy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the Danish ruler of England after Alfred's death? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false? William the Conqueror established a new line of kings - the Norman dynasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false? Henry II (great-grandson of William the Conqueror) strengthened royal authority in England by expanding the jurisdiction of the royal courts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the English king after Henry II? |
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Definition
| Richard I, the Lion-hearted. He was an able warrior and an admired Crusader. |
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Term
| Who ruled England after Richard I? |
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Definition
| John, who clashed with Pope Innocent III over who would be the next Bishop of Canterbury. |
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Term
| What established the principle that the kings' power is limited? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the term for the Pariliament being able to check the power of the King? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Like an island, Paris and the small surrounding area was ruled by the king. This "island" was surrounded by feudal lands owned by the king's vassals. Therefore the Lords possessed more land than the Capetian king. |
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Term
| Who became known as the real founder of France? |
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Definition
| Philip II. He tripled his domain by taking land from King John of England. |
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Term
| Who was the grandson of Phillip II who was concerned about the welfare of his subjects and made peace and justice the primary goals of his reign of France? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who lead two crusades against the Muslims in North Africa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What countries were included in the Holy Roman Empire? |
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Definition
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Term
| The uniform laws for all of England established by Henry II were called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What legislative body was established by Edward I? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who established the Estates-General? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who subdued the Welsh and made his son Prince of Wales? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pope called for a holy crusade to free the Holy Land from the Turks? In what year did this occur? |
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Definition
| Urban II in the year 1095 |
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Term
| How many Major Crusades were there? Over what years did they span? |
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Definition
| There were eight major Crusades between 1095 and 1291 |
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Term
| What is the nickname of the Third Crusade? List the kings who went on this Crusade. |
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Definition
| Kings' Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, Philip Augustus of France, and Richard the Lion-Hearted of England |
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Term
| To where was the Fourth Crusade "diverted"? Who "diverted" the Crusade? |
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Definition
| deverted to Constantinople, by the Venetians |
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Term
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Definition
| The Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem; he was defeated in battles by Richard, but was successful in holding Jerusalem. |
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Term
| What is the meaning of the Latin word that we get the word crusade from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What city was captured during the 4th crusade? |
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Definition
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Term
| At the beginning of the Capetian rule of France, who possessed more land and authority, the lords or the king? |
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Definition
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Term
| Did the fourth crusade focus more one economic or religious issues? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was interdict used against disobedient kings? |
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Definition
| Interdict was the suspension of church services/sacraments in a certain location. By issuing as interdict, the pope hoped that the people would complain that they couldn't have services/sacraments and this outcry would force the king to submit to the church. |
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Term
| What did the Roman Catholic Church promise to the crusaders? |
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Definition
| Protection of their families and property while they were gone, pardons to criminals and debtors, forgiveness of sins if they were a hardened criminal, and they were granted eternal life if they died during the crusade. |
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