Term
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Definition
-Community plus its abiotic enviorment
-Characterized by:
>One way flow of energy (Who eats whom?)
>Production (Biomass)
>Cycling of Nutrients
*Includes Detritivores |
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Term
Flow of Energy
(Producers) |
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Definition
-From sun to photosynthetic systems
-Mainly Green Plants
-Convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules and store energy |
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Term
| Flow of Energy (Consumers) |
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Definition
-Primary Consumers (Herbivores)
>Eat Producers (Green Plants)
-Secondary Consumers (Carnivores)
>Eat Herbivores
-Tertiary Consumers (Carnivores)
>Eat Secondary Consumers
-Not very many levels of consumers can be supported |
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Term
Detritivores
(Decomposers) |
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Definition
-Eat dead decomposing material
-Decomposers may also eat live tissue
-Ex. Fungi, Worms, Insects, Larvae, Some Animals (Crab) |
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Term
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Definition
-Feeding Level
-Producers (Plants) = 1
-Consumers (Herbivore) = 2
-Consumers (Carnivore) = 3+ |
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Term
Energy Assimilated
(Production) |
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Definition
-Primary Production
>Autotrophs
-Secondary Production
>Heterotrophs
-Gross Primary Production-Carbon fixed during Photosynthesis-Net Primary Production = Gross Primary Production-Resp
-Net Primary Production is new Biomass added and availiable at next Trophic Level
-Affected by climate nutrients
-Net Primary Production follows a latitudinal gradient |
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Term
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Definition
-Correlated with Net Primary Production
-Measured by Herbivore Biomass |
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Term
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Definition
-Net Production/Gross Production (Assimilated)
-Net Production=accumulated Biomass |
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Term
Trophic Level Transfer Efficency
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Definition
-Net Production at n/Net Production at n-1 X 100
-Herbivores
>.15g (Herbivores)/.4g (Producers) = 37.5%
-Carnivores
>.0016g (Carnivores)/.15g (Herbivores) = 1%
-Trophic Level Transfer Efficency averages 10%
-Usually more energy is availiable from producers |
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Term
Biomes
(Major Ecosystems) |
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Definition
-Distibution and combinations of organisms influenced by Abiotic factors:
>Climate
>Angle of sun
>Wind
>Soil
>Proximity to water
>Frequency of disturbances
>Latitude, Altitude, Topography |
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Term
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Definition
- >100in. rain a year
-Mostly Tropical, Some temperate (Coniferous)
-Highest Species diversity and productivity |
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Term
| Evergreen Coniferous Forest |
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Definition
-Temperate Rainforest
>Mostly Conifers
>100in of rain a year
>Washington State river valleys, Alaska (Tongass)
-Other Coniferous Forest
>Mostly Northern latitudes, Long cold winter
>Precipitation varies, usually snow 12-30in |
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Term
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Definition
-40-80in of Rain a year
-Mild Latitudes (North America)
-Seasons
-Angiosperms dominate |
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Term
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Definition
-10-50in of Rain a year
-Praries in U.S.
-Tall Vs. Short
-Savannas
>Tall Grassland w/ trees
>Very hot
>Seasonal Rainfall
-Disturbance Common
-Fires, Grazing |
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Term
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Definition
-Less than 10in of Rain
-Cold
>High altitude or elevation (East Oregon, Mongolia)
-Hot
>Low latitude (Arizona)
-Low Species Diversity |
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Term
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Definition
-10in of Snow
-Artic and Alpine
-Permafrost
-Cold, Windy, Short Growing season
-Low Species diversity
-Low Productivity |
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Term
Wetlands
(Aquatic Biomes) |
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Definition
-Covered w/ water but contains emergent plants
-Marshes
>Covered with water all the time
>Herbacious plants (grasses, pond lilies)
-Swamps
>Marsh dominated by woody plants
>More soil
>Ex. Great cypress swamp
-Bog
>More Semi-Solid
>Dominated by Sphagum Moss and Dead Decaying Plants |
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Term
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Definition
-Freshwater River merges with ocean or large bay
>Susquehanna into the Chesapeake
-Usually protected from ocean by reefs, barrier islands, or some land |
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Term
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Definition
-Influenced by:
>H2O temperature, Light penetration, Salinity Variations, Currents, Pressure at Depths
-Reefs
>Great Diversity and Productivity
>Over continental shelf
>Tropical w/ Corals, Algae, Molluscs
*Algae Beds
-Coastal
-Highly productive per unit area
-Pelagic Zone (Open Ocean)
>Photic (Plants) and Aphotic (No Plants)
>Low Productivity
-Oceanic Benthic
>Bottom
>Much Less Diverse
>No Plants (Aphotic)
>Chemosynthetic Autotrophs |
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