Term
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Definition
| the ridge on top of the upper mandible of the beak. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ridge of the lower mandible of the beak. |
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Term
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Definition
the cutting edges of the bill;
may be toothed (single - falcon; many - motmot)
[image]
serrate (sawlike - collared aracari),
[image]
notched (thrush), or lamellate (ridges inside- northern shoveler). |
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Term
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Definition
| fleshy part of the mandibles, where they come together at the back. |
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Term
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Definition
| tubular ; linear; round ; oval |
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Term
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Definition
| point on the lower mandible that extends past the rictus into the feathers. |
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Term
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Definition
the gape; the line where the tomia come together describes the shape of the bill lengthwise.
straight; recurved (up); decurved (down); bent (flamingo). |
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Term
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Definition
compressed: bill is higher than it is wide. (loon)
depressed: wider than high. (duck)
convex/stout: sides of bill pushed out. (tanager)
terete: circular but not stout. (robin) |
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Term
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Definition
| hooked; acute; chisel-like; gibbous (hump at base); spatulate; crossed; conical. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 toes forward, 1 back. no webbing. tendons increase grip as knee is bent. (robin) |
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Term
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Definition
| fleshy patch at base of upper mandible; not always distinct. nostrils on cere in some species (pigeon). |
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Term
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Definition
| front toes joined by large amnts of webbing that extends to tip of toes. (duck) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1/2 webbed, anterior facing toes are joined by webbing, which only extends partway (avocet). |
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Term
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Definition
| fully webbed, all toes face anteriorly (cormorant, pelican). |
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Term
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Definition
| adapted for swimming. series of lobes on sides of each toe. (american coot, grebe) |
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Term
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Definition
| toes deeply cleft; strong and large, with sharply curved talons. (hawk, owl) |
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Term
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Definition
| standard arrangement, with the hallux (posterior toe) behind, and 3 toes facing forwards (2,3,4 frm interior); for perching on branches. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd and 4th toes united for most of length and have broad sole (kingfisher, motmot). |
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Term
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Definition
| toes are paired, 2nd & 3rd in front with hallux & 4th toes behind (woodpeckers). |
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Term
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Definition
| like zygodactyl, but with 3rd&4th in front and 2nd&hallux pointing backwards. (trogons) |
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Term
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Definition
| all 4 toes may point forward. 4th can point behind or forward. (swifts) |
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Term
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Definition
| a claw-like structure occurs at the bend of the wing (jacana). |
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Term
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Definition
| middle primaries are the longest and the remaining are graduated (buteos, accipiters). |
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Term
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Definition
| primaries are longest at the end of the wing (gull). |
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Term
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Definition
central tube or axis of feather, has 2 parts:
1. calamus - lower part w/o vanes;
2. rachis - section from which vanes arise. |
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Term
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Definition
| two vanes to a feather, one on each side, made up of series of smaller interlocking units: barbs, barbules, and hooklets. |
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