Term
| Discolored feathers can be caused by... |
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Definition
| rubbing against cage - won't go away until moult |
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Term
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Definition
| flaky, thin skin on feet; ulcers |
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Term
| Large flat perches cause... |
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Definition
| big calluses / ulcers on feet |
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Term
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Definition
-normal courtship behavior
-can see seeds on mirrors or toys
-common in budgies and lovebirds
-can be large piles of hulled seeds
-no seeds on head |
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Term
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Definition
-abnormal, sign of illness
-vomited seeds throughout cage, on bars of cage
-vomit, mucus, or seeds on bird's head |
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Term
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Definition
-know what is normal for your bird
-# should be fairly consistent
-check cage papers daily
-food affects appearance |
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Term
|
Definition
-know what is normal for your bird
-# should be fairly consistent
-check cage papers daily
-food affects appearance |
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Term
| Recommended substrate for bottom of cage? |
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Definition
| paper lining - can check droppings easily, replace daily, won't get moldy |
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Term
| A budgie may have ___ droppings daily. |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 parts to a normal dropping: |
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Definition
-formed fecal portion (greenish)
-urates (white)
-liquid urine |
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Term
| Seed eaters usually have (what color?) fecal portions in their droppings. Why this color? |
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Definition
| green- seeds impart no color, just see bile |
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Term
| Bile pigment in bird droppings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pellet eaters will have (what color) droppings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Uniformly red droppings with little formed fecal portions is indicative of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Red pellets make droppings look... |
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Definition
| similar to lead poisoning droppings, but will have formed fecal portions |
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Term
| Watery droppings can result from what? |
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Definition
-lots of fruit / veggies
-PU
-pellet diet (increased water intake) |
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Term
| The amount of ____ in droppings should always be checked. |
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Definition
| fecal portion - indicates if bird is eating, or if it's vomiting |
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Term
| Is it normal for a bird to urinate only liquid and urates, with no feces? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reduced food intake can be indicated by... |
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Definition
| reduction in # droppings, reduction in amount of fecal matter; these can also indicate vomiting |
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Term
| "popcorn" droppings; bulky grey-white color |
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Definition
| exocrine pancreatic insufficiency |
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Term
| Undigested seed or grit in the droppings could indicate... |
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Definition
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Term
| Whole seeds in the droppings could indicate... |
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Definition
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Term
| Razor keel, undigested food in droppings, or obstructions could indicate... |
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Definition
| PDD- can't digest food, but keep eating because starving |
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Term
| Drug that may be given to PDD patients? |
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Definition
| Celebrex- stops infiltration of lymphocytes but won't cure disease |
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Term
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Definition
| crop biopsy of nerve ganglia near blood vessels |
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Term
| Many PDD patients also have... |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood in the droppings is usually from... |
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Definition
| cloaca or oviduct; could be severe inflammation, ulcerations, tumors, bound eggs; Amazon parrots/macaws- cloacal papillomas |
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Term
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Definition
| in Amazon parrots/macaws; blood in droppings, straining to defecate, "strawberry-like" papilloma tissue around vent |
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Term
| Tx for cloacal papillomas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Urates should be off-white. What other colors can this portion of the dropping be, and what would that indicate? |
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Definition
yellow/green - hepatitis
neon green- psittacosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Blood in the urine or urates: |
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Definition
| kidney disturbance or toxicity like lead |
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Term
| Normal temperature of birds: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one or more feathers stuck in the skin, forming a dense cyst that must be removed; hereditary, esp in canaries |
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Term
| Feather damage including feathers on the head indicates: |
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Definition
NOT feather picking- birds can't reach head feathers
-systemic illness like beak & feather Dz, a circovirus |
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Term
| What can lead to necrosis of the feet? |
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Definition
| nesting material wrapped around the feet/toes/legs |
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Term
| Pain or dysfunction of the feet/legs can appear as... |
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Definition
| restlessness, shifting of weight, favoring leg |
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Term
| Leg bands can be a problem for what bird? What do they cause? |
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Definition
| canaries - little clearance = tourniquet |
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Term
| Crusty/flaky feet or legs, hyperkeratosis can indicate: |
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Definition
| Cnemidocoptes or vit A deficiency; treat and clip crusts |
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Term
| Budgies with unilateral paralysis or paresis can indicate: |
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Definition
| renal enlargement from adenocarcinoma |
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Term
| Aspergillosis usually presents as ___ in young birds and ___ in older birds. |
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Definition
young: systemic/generalized
older: focal granulomas |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogens enter the air sacs, start to thicken tissue; can use nebulizer, but it's hard to treat once tissue is thickened |
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Term
| Incessant high-pitched squeaking in budgies: |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
-budgies, wheeze on insp/exp
-thyroid enlargement f/iodine deficiency
-presses on trachea and syrinx
-Tx: iodine supplementation |
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Term
| Neurological conditions can be caused by: |
|
Definition
-vitamin deficiency
-hypocalcemia (very common)
-head trauma
-cerebral vascular disturbances
-tumors
-toxicoses (lead, zinc)
-infection (paramyxovirus in pigeons) |
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Term
| How to restrain hand-fed babies: |
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Definition
| block crop with thumb so they don't regurgitate |
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Term
| Restraint methods for head: |
|
Definition
-index finger in back, thumb under mandible
-circle neck with fingers
-grasp at TMJ (like a snake!)
-extend head between middle/index fingers
-helmit grip |
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Term
| Why doesn't the speaker recommend buying unweaned birds? |
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Definition
| must hand-feed, and bird can easily aspirate or starve |
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Term
| Toxic fumes can come from: |
|
Definition
-aerosols
-burned food/oil
-self-cleaning ovens
-cigarette smoke
-Teflon
-anything that emits fumes |
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Term
| Once a non-stick pan reaches 536F, it releases ____ and causes the bird to ____. |
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Definition
| toxic fumes, bird drowns in its own blood |
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Term
| A bird cage should only have 1 ____ perch. |
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Definition
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Term
| How to determine if bird is eating: |
|
Definition
-look for hulled seeds, but bird could be hulling without eating
-bulk, form, consistency of droppings |
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Term
|
Definition
Males: vent protrudes more, they sing
Females: vent flush with body, don't sing |
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Term
|
Definition
Males- blue cere
Females- crown/crusty cere; immatures have pale blue cere
Males can get feminizing syndrome from testicular tumors |
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Term
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Definition
immature: female traits
Males: yellow head, orange cheeks, no wing bars
Females: bars under wings |
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Term
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Definition
Male: brown iris
Female: red or brown iris |
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Term
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Definition
Male: wider beak, tail feathers all red
Female: narrower beak, grey-tipped tail feathers |
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Term
| The average pet bird has __ households in its lifetime. |
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Definition
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