Term
| how does the immune system recognize microbes |
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Definition
-self vs non self
-PAMPs
-general response |
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Term
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Definition
-pathogen associated molecular patterns
-dsRNA
-unmethylated CpG
-N-formylMet
-LPS, techoic acids
-last 4 not in host cells |
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Term
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Definition
-pathogen recognition receptors
-MQ,DC,neutrophils, epithelial, endothelial
-cell surface, endosomal, cytoplasmic
-ligands |
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Term
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Definition
-mannose (carbs)
-Dectin (glucans, fungi)
-NODs (peptidoglycan, bacteria)
-RIG-1 (vRNA, virus_ |
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Term
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Definition
-Gram +
-peptidoglycan
-techoic acid |
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Term
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Definition
-Gram -
-LPS
-fungal mannans
-viral enveloped proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -viral and bacterial unmethylated CpG DNA |
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Term
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Definition
-histamine (from mast cells)
-blood proteins
-kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and complement (released by injured tissue, phagocytes, lymphcytes, basophils, and mast cells |
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Term
| cardiac signs of acute inflammation |
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Definition
-redness
-heat
-swelling
-pain
-sometime impairment of function |
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Term
| inflammatory chemicals cause |
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Definition
-dilation of arterioles, resulting in hyperemia (increased blood flow, redness and heat)
-increased permewability of local capillaries and edema (leakage of exudate, swelling and pain), moves foreign materials into lymphatic vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| -proteins, clotting factors, antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
-surface barriers (skin, GI, resp tract, keratin is resistant bacterial enzymes and toxins)
-respiratory system modifications (mucus-coated hairs in the nose,cilia of upper resp tract sweep dust and bacteria laden mucus from lower resp tract)
-protective chemicals inhibit or destroy microorganisms
-subset of T and B cells with limited diversity |
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Term
| how protective chemicals inhibit or destroy microorganisms |
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Definition
-skin acidity
-sebum (keeps skin acidc) and dermcidin (interupt bacterial membrane) in sweat
-defensins and cathelicidins (interupt bacterial membrane)
-HCl and protein-digesting enzymes of stomach mucosae
-lysozyme of salvia and lacrimal fluid (breaks peptidoglycan bonds)
-mucus |
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Term
| subset of T and B cells with limited diversity |
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Definition
-gamma/sigma/T cells recognize microbial lipids
-B1 B cells secrete 'natural' antibodies |
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Term
| phagocytes (monocytes/macrophages) |
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Definition
-macrophages develop from monocytes to become the chief phagocytic cells
-free MQ wander though tissue spaces (alveolar macrophages)
-mixed MQ are permanant residents of some organs (ex. Kupffer cells in liver, microglia in the brain) |
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Term
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Definition
-most abundant leukocyte (WBC)
-become phagocytic on encountering infectious material in tissues\-early phagocytosis and killing (polymorphonuclear leukocyte, granules contain digestive enzymes and antimicrobials) |
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Term
| migration to sites of infection (steps for phagocyte mobilization) |
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Definition
-rolling-release of neutrophils from bone marrow in response to cytokines (inducing factors from injured cells;TNF and IL-1)-weak interaction selectins
-high affinity binding-neutrophils cling to the walls of the capillaries in the inflamed area via chemokine-mediated high affinity integrin binding
-diapedesis of neutrophils
-chemotaxis-inflammatory chemicals (chemokines:chemotactic agents) promote positive migration of neutrophils to site of infection |
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Term
| phagocytes:dendritic cells |
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Definition
-link innate and adaptive immunity
-'pro APC'
-widely distributed |
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Term
| phagocytosis:identify, ingest destroy |
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Definition
-energy dependent
-size dependent
-PRR recognize PAMPs (opsonins-opsination)
-formation of phagocytic cup (internalization)
-form phagolysosome (phagosome/lysosome, killing-oxidative burst, defensins (NEU) destroy bacterial wall) |
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Term
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Definition
-large granular lymphocytes
-target cells that lack self cell surface proteins (MHC)
-induce apoptosis in cancer cells and virus infected cells
-secrete potent chemicals that enhance inflammatory response
-major source of IFN gamma (cross talk with MQ) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -immunoreceptor Tyr-based inhibition/activation motif |
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Term
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Definition
-viral infected cells are activated to secrete IFNs
-IFNs enter neighboring cells
-neighboring cells produce antiviral proteins that block viral reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
-anti-viral
-reduce inflammation
-activate macrophages and mobilize NK cells
-genetically engineered IFNs for antiviral agents against hepatitis and genital warts virus and MS tx |
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Term
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Definition
-~20 blood proteins that circulate in an inactive form
-each pathway involves activation of proteins in an orderly sequence (each step catalyzes the next)
-major mechanism for destroying foreign substances
-activated complement (enhances inflammation, promotes phagocytosis, causes cell lysis) |
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Term
| events in the innate immune response stimulate |
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Definition
| the adaptive immune response |
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