Term
Body Planes:
Transverse
Frontal/Coronal
Sagittal/Median
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Definition
Transverse: Divides the body in superior and inferior halves
Front/Coronal: Divides the body in anterior and posterior halves
Sagittal/Median: Divides the body in left and right halves |
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Term
Body Positions
Prone
Supine |
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Definition
Prone: The whole body is lying face down
Supine: The whole body is lying face up |
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Term
| Why is the clavicle important? |
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Definition
| It connects the upper limb to the trunk. Also, keeps the scapula and upper limb away from the trunk so that the limb has maximum range of motion. |
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Term
| What ribs form the costal margins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the inguinal ligament important? |
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Definition
| It helps indicate the exact position of the abdominal wall. |
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Term
| Why do a biceps reflex test? |
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Definition
| A positive response confirms that integrity of the musculocutaneous nerve at the C5 and C6 spinal cord segments |
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Term
| Why is the sternoclavicular joint important? |
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Definition
| It is the only thing that connects the shoulder girdle (consisting of the scapula and clavicle) to the axial skeleton. |
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Term
| What makes vertabrae C1 different? What is the purpose of this difference? |
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Definition
| C1 has no posterior spinous process, only a posterior tubercle. The lack of the spinous process allows a greater range of head extension |
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Term
| In the living, what are the palpable vertebrel spines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two surfaces of the scapula? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 borders of the scapula? |
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Definition
| Superior, medial(vertebral) , and Lateral (Axillary) |
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Term
| What are the 3 angles of the scapula? |
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Definition
| Superior, Inferior, and Lateral |
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Term
| What are the two processes of the scapula? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 fossae of the scapula? |
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Definition
| Supraspinous, Infraspinous, and Subscapular |
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Term
| Superficial muscle layer of the back is composed of what 4 muscles? |
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Definition
| Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboidei (Minor and Major) |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of back muscle? |
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Definition
| Superficial, Intermediate, and Deep |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the latissimus dorsi? |
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Definition
| Extends, medially rotates and adducts the humerus. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the trapezius? |
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Definition
| Adducts the scapula and elevates the shoulder; acts as a suspensory muscle of the shoulder girdle |
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Term
What is the purpose of the levator scapulae?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the Rhomboidei |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the dorsal rami? What do they typically do? |
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Definition
| Dorsal rami are posterior branches of the spinal nerves. They typically divide into medial and lateral branches. Both supply muscles then, one or the other becomes cutaneous |
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Term
| Branches of the Dorsal rami above the mid-thoracic region do what? |
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Definition
| The medial branches become cutaneous close to the median plane |
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Term
| Branches of the dorsal rami below the midthoracic region do what? |
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Definition
| The lateral branches of the dorsal rami are cutaneous close to the median plane |
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Term
| The latissimus dorsi attatches where? |
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Definition
- The aponeurosis (thoracolumbar fascia) of the inferior 6 thoracic, all lumbar and sacral spinous processes
- the outer lip of the iliac crest
- ribs 9 to 12
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Term
| Where is the origin of the Latissimus Dorsi? |
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Definition
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- The aponeurosis (thoracolumbar fascia) of the inferior 6 thoracic (t7), all lumbar and sacral spinous processes
- the outer lip of the iliac crest
ribs 9 to 12 |
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Term
| Where is the insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi? |
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Definition
| The intertubercular sulcas on the humerous |
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Term
| What is the action of the Latissimus Dorsi? |
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Definition
| Extends, medially rotates and adducts the humerous |
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Term
| What is the nerve inneravation of the Latissimus Dorsi? |
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Definition
| Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8) from the posterior brachial plexes |
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Term
What is the origin of the trapezius?
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Definition
The skull, all the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae, including the ligamentum nuchae, and the thoracic vertebrae.
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Term
| What is the insertion of the trapezius? |
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Definition
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- the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle (superior fibers)
- the acromion and crest of the spine of the scapula (intermediate fibers)
the tubercle on the inferior lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula |
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Term
| What is the action of the trapezius? |
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Definition
- adducts scapula and elevates the shoulder
- acts as suspensory muscle of the shoulder girdle
- The inferior fibers assist the superior fibers in rotation of the scapula
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Term
| What is the innervations of the trapezius? |
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Definition
| Is innervated by the accessory nerve (the spinal portion of cranial nerve 11 derived from C1-5 spinal roots provides the motor innervation) and C3-4 ventral rami (sensory innervation) |
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Term
| Where is the origin of levator scapulae? |
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Definition
| Attaches from the transverse processes of C1-4 (posterior tubercles only) |
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Term
| Where is the insertion of levator scapulae? |
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Definition
| The medial border of the scapula |
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Term
| What is the action of the levator scapulae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the innervation of the levator scapula? |
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Definition
| Is innervated by direct branches from C3 and C4 and a branch of the dorsal scapular nerve (C5) |
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Term
| What is the origin of rhomboids major? |
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Definition
| Spines of vertabrae T2 - T5 |
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Term
| Where is the insertion of rhomboid major? |
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Definition
| The medial border of the scapula |
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Term
| What is the action of rhomboid major? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the innervation of rhomboid major? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the origin of rhomboid minor? |
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Definition
| Inferior end of Ligamentum nuchae and vertabrae spines C7 and T1 |
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Term
| Where is the insertion of rhomboid minor? |
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Definition
| Medial border of the scapular |
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Term
| What is the action of rhomboid minor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the innervation for rhomboid minor |
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Definition
| Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) |
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Term
| Where does the inferior part of the trapezius insert and what is the action? |
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Definition
| Inserts at the medial end of the scapular spine and its action is to depress the scapula |
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Term
| Where does the middle portion of the trapezius insert and what is the action? |
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Definition
| The middle portion of the trapezius inserts at the medial portion of the acromion process and its action is to retract or adduct the scapula |
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Term
| Where does the superior portion of the trapezius insert and what is the action? |
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Definition
| The superior portion of the trapezius inserts at the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle and its action is the elevate the scapula |
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