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Details Title: Bios 103 Test 1 Description: chapters 1-6 Total Flash Cards: 58 Created: 01/24/2005 20:03:18	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term science Definition knowing the physical universe Term biology Definition studying living organisms (viruses) Term requirements for life Definition cells (sans viruses), respiration/metabolism, responses, homeostasis, growth/rep, evolution Term taxonomy Definition how to group organisms Term taxonomy breakdown Definition kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species Term five kingdom classification Definition animalae (hetero,eukary), plantae (auto,eukary), fungi (saprobe,eukary), protista (het/auto, eukary), monerans (hetero,prokary) Term binomial nomenclature Definition genus and species (Homo Sapiens with underlining) Term genotype Definition genetic composition Term scientific method Definition observe, question, hypothesis, experiment (ind can't change, dependent changes, standardized the same), conclusion Term organization order Definition atom-molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism-population-community-ecosystem-biospheres Term proton, neutron, electron Definition pro/neut inside w/ electrons on shell Term valence Definition # of electrons needed to fill shell-2 on first shell, 8 on second, 8 on third Term isotopes Definition unstable atoms w/o correct # of electrons Term covalent bond Definition strongest-share electrons Term ionic Definition moderate-electrons transferred Term hydrogen Definition weak-two polar molecules w/ H involved--DNA/Water Term pH level Definition scale from 1-14 w/ 1-6 acidic, 8-14 basic (acid=more H and base=less H) Term Carbohydrates Definition made of CH2O (energy)-have monosaccharides (one ring-glucose), disaccharides (two rings-sucrose), polysaccharides (many rings-starch) Term Lipids Definition fatty acid and glycerol (three fatty acid chains)-phospholipids (hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails)--steroids not fatty acid or glycerol-have four random rings Term Proteins Definition made of amino acids-primary is order, secondary is configuration (alpha helix, beta pleated, random coil), tertiary is 3D appearance, quaternary is like collagen/hemoglobin Term Enzymes Definition end in "ase"-named after their molecule-recycled-lower activation energy to process reaction Term nucleic acids Definition made of nucleotides (phosphate, sugar, base)--DNA (double w/ thymine), RNA (single w/ uricil), hydrolysis (poly to mono), dehydration (mono to poly) Term microscope Definition cells discovered by Hooke Term compound vs electron Definition standard looks at dead things vs. complex (SEM for 3D surface or TEM for flat internal) Term endosymbiotic theory Definition one cell engulfed another and used symbiosis Term eukaryotes vs prokaryotes Definition nucleus, larger ribosomes, double DNA, cilia VS. no nucleus, single DNA, small ribosomes, no cilia/mitoch. Term extracellular environment Definition protein, cholesterol, phospholipids, carbs Term function of the membrane Definition transport thru bilayer-cell structure, recognition, communication, adhesion Term passive transport Definition don't need cellular energy-osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion (needs protein) Term active transport Definition needs ATP-moves against the flow-endocytosis (taking in) and exocytosis (dumping) Term nucleus Definition houses DNA-porous-double membrane-makes mRNA to decode DNA to string together amino acids---translation (RNA made into protein) Term endoplasmic reticulum Definition most of the ribosomes-made of RNA/protein--RER has ribosomes, SER doesn't Term golgi apparatus Definition packaging/sorting guy Term endomembrane system Definition vesicles to transport proteins Term peroxisomes Definition breaks stuff down-degrades molecules-detoxifies Term lysosomes Definition intercellular digestion Term mitochondria Definition only in eukarys-powerhouse that makes ATP Term metabolism Definition anabolism-energy-building phase--active sites shaped by order of amino acids Term ATP Definition monomer (nucleotide)--ADP-->ATP by adding another phosphate--aerobic/anaerobic Term aerobic respiration Definition glucose and oxygen-->CO2 and H2O-->36 ATP----glycolysis-glucose in,pyruvate out,creates NADH shuttle--preparatory-pyruvate in,acetylcholae--Krebs-acetylcholae in,more NADH--electron transport chain-chemiosomatic (H from high to low concentration)---oxygen accepts electrons Term anaerobic respiration Definition no mitochondria-2ATP per glucose-lactic acid Term epithelial tissue Definition linings,glands,protection--named (squamous,cuboidal,columnar)-layers (simple,stratified) Term connective tissue Definition cells in a matrix (nonliving backdrop)--specialized--cartilage (chondrocytes)--bone (osteon arcs and osteocyte spaces)--blood (erythrocytes/red, leukocytes/white,platelets/cell pieces)--adipose (fat tissue) Term muscle tissue Definition skeletal (muscles to bone)--cardiac (heart,branched)--smooth (no striations) Term nervous tissue Definition neurons- Term integumentary system Definition protection w/ skin,nails,hair--resp. for body temp,defense,vitamin D,sensory reception,skin (epidermis w/ melanocytes,dermis,hypodermis Term cancer Definition uncontrolled cell division Term stages of cancer Definition 1.hyperplasia-extra cell growth-not harmful--2.dysplasia-cells changing shape-not cancerous--3.metastatis-cancer cells can go anywhere--4.angiogenesis-blood vessels give blood to tumor--(thymine dimer-thymine binds together---BAD) Term types of skin cancer Definition basal carcinoma and squamous carcinoma (benign)--melanoma (melanocytes compromised-deadly) Term skin cancer indications Definition Asymmetry, Border irregularities, Color varied, Diameter larger than 6mm Term skeletal system Definition support,movement,protection,blood cell production,storage of lipids Term bones Definition pithases (ends of bone)--diaphysis (middle)--bl.vessels inside--yellow marrow for energy and red marrow for stem cells--ligaments to connect bones Term bone cells Definition osteocyte-mature bone cell--osteoblast-bone-forming cell--osteoclast-cuts back bone--chondrocyte-cartilage cell Term bone development Definition cartilage,ossification (cart.to bone),growth plate left Term bone remodeling Definition bones good for 10 yrs.--chondroblasts build model,osteoblasts harden bone--osteocytes mature bone--osteoclasts dissolve bone Term bone repair Definition hematoma (blood clot)--cartilagenous (hard ring at pt. of break,fibroblasts turn into chondroblasts)--new bone laid down--repair Term PTH vs. calcitonin Definition parathyroid for more calcium vs. lower calcium levels Term sprain vs. arthritis vs. osteoporosis Definition ligaments stretched vs. inflammation of joint vs. bone breaks down w/ too much osteoclast work