Term
|
Definition
| The nerve impulse arising in an axon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell of the nervous system that is specialized for information processing and communication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells in the nervous system that support the activities of neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small structure within a cell that carries out a specific function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The main mass of a neuron, containing the nucleus and many organelles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The branch of a neuron usually responsible for carrying signals to other neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The branch of a neuron that generally receives information from other neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fluid surrounding a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A property of a substance that determines the extent to which other substances may pass through it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein structure embedded in a cell membrane that allows ions to pass without the use of additional energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein structure embedded in a cell membrane that uses energy to move ions across the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An electrically charged particle in solution. |
|
|
Term
| Voltage-Dependent Channel |
|
Definition
| An ion channel that opens or closes in response to the local electrical environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ion channel in the neural membrane that responds to chemical messengers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The junction between two neurons at which information is transferred from one to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ion pump that uses energy to transfer three sodium ions to the extracellular fluid for every two potassium ions retrieved from the extracellular fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein structure embedded in the neural membrane that uses energy to move calcium ions out of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical messenger that transfers information across a synapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network of filaments that provides the internal structure of a neuron. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest fiber in the cell cytoskeleton, responsible for the transport of neurotransmitters and other products to and from the cell body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of materials from the cell body of a neuron to the axon terminal along the microtubules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of material from the axon terminal back to the cell body via the cell's system of microtubules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neural fiber found in the cell cytoskeleton that is responsible for structural support. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest fiber found in the cell cytoskeleton that may participate in the changing of the length and shape of axons and dendrites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The substructure within a cell body that contains the cell's DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organelle in the cell body involved with protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organelle in the cell body that participates in protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organelle in the cell body that packages proteins in vesicles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organelles that provide energy to the cell by transforming pyruvic acid and oxygen into molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tiny fluid-filled space between neurons forming a synapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A knob on the dendrite that provides additional membrane area for the formation of synapses with other neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substructure within a cell nucleus where ribosomes are produced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cone-shaped segment of axon located at the junction of the axon and cell body that is specialized for the generation of action potentials. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fatty insulating material covering some axons that boosts the speed and efficiency of electrical signaling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neuron that communicates with neurons in its immediate vicinity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neuron with a very long axon that communicates with neurons in distant areas of the nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the branches near the end of the axon closest to its targets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The swelling at the tip of an axon collateral specialised for the release of neurotransmitter substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small structure in the axon terminal that contains neurotransmitters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The uncovered section of axon membrane between two adjacent segments of myelin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neuron with one branch that extends a short distance from the cell body then splits into two branches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neuron with two branches: one axon and one dendrite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neuron that has multiple branches, usually one axon and numerous dendrites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specialized neuron that translates incoming sensory information into electrical signals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specialized neuron that communicates with muscles and glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neuron that serves as a bridge between sensory and motor neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendricytes, and Schwann cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tiny, mobile glial cells that migrate to areas of damage and digest debris. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large, star shaped glial cell of the central nervous system, responsible for structural support, isolation of the synapse, control of the extracellular chemical environment at the synapse, and possibly communication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A glial cell that forms myelin on central nervous system axons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A glial cell that forms the myelin on axons in the peripheral nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The measurement of the electrical charge across the neural membrane when the cell is not processing information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force that moves molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An unequal distribution in the concentration of molecules across a cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force that moves molecules with like electrical charges apart and molecules with opposite electrical charges together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of an electrical charge within a cell in a more positive direction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The level of depolarization at which an action potential is initiated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of the electrical charge within a cell in a more negative direction. |
|
|
Term
| Absolute Refractory Period |
|
Definition
| The period in which an action potential will not occur in a particular location of an axon regardless of input. |
|
|
Term
| Relative Refractory Period |
|
Definition
| The period following an action potential in which larger than normal input will produce a second action potential but in which normal input will be insufficient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transmission of a wave through a medium; in neurons, it is the replication of the action potential down the length of the axon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of an action potential down the length of an unmyelinated axon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of an action potential from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier, down the length of a myelinated axon. |
|
|
